Yes We Can (Hope and Change Obama-style)

Yes We Can…

…throw down thunder, lightning, and hail upon Wall Street in public then behind close doors tell them we have their backs in the face of massive public outrage over the stock market crashes beginning in late 2007 and the Great Recession (that is still ongoing) and that while it would be good if they were nicer, we will do nothing mandatory to prevent it from happening again

…keep Gitmo open for the entire eight years of the administration

…legalize indefinite detention for America citizens

…increase SIGINT surveillance of all American citizens and those of the entire world

…completely abolish independent oversight of said surveillance

…increase the body count of those assassinated by drones to five times that of the previous administration

…dither over Syria until the situation is beyond hope

… reward the finance bourgeoisie for their rape of the world’s economy

…increase Russia’s influence in Southwest Asia by abdicating our role

…not say anything for nearly a week about the worst man-made environmental disaster in the planet’s history

…do absolutely nothing about immigration reform

…deport 3.2 million persons, more than all the other presidents of the US combined

…repeal more gun control laws than any other administration, thereby putting more firearms in the hands of people willing to use them on other humans

…target American citizens for assassination

…prosecute and persecute more whistleblowers than any previous administration

…obstruct investigation and prosecution of war crimes by members of the previous administration and their subordinates

…ignore war crimes and human rights violations by American military and civilian personnel during our watch that should be prosecuted

…continue kidnapping people and holding them away from human rights monitors in violation of the Constitution, the UN Declaration on Human Rights, and several treaties

…continue to sanction torture as US policy

…loan at zero interest $7.7 TRILLION to the same American and foreign financial institutions which brought on the Great Recession while withholding funds from struggling American families going bankrupt, defaulting on loans, and having their mortgages foreclosed.

…end net neutrality and destroy the Internet as we know it

…assassinate more people with drones than ever before.

…sign into law a provision allowing for indefinite detention of American citizens without warrant or charge

…repeal the law forbidding the administration and the federal government from propagandizing American citizens with deliberately false information.

…authorize over $1 trillion to upgrade and expand our nuclear arsenal

…sign into law a bill allowing for the propagandizing of American citizens by U.S.G. intelligence agencies

…create what is in effect a Department of Truth

…continue to ignore gross police brutality and murder, especially of Afro-Americans

…restart the Cold War

…pass the Monsanto Protection Act

…engage in war every single day of the administration, spreading to a total of seven countries

…increase the number of bombs dropped on those seven countries every year until surpassing 26,000 for 2016

…state that American exceptionalism is official policy of the US government

…give away $38 billion to the most ethnocratic, sectarian, genocidal state in the world today

…vindictively seek retribution for the loss of our chosen heir through her fault, through her own fault, through her own most grievious fault, by sanctioning Russia based on tabloid-level “evidence”

…push the TPP (Trans Pacific Pact), the TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership), and the TISA (Trade In Services Agreement), despite how badly the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) negotiated by Bush I and signed by Bill Clinton have hurt manufacturing and workers in this country

…do nothing for Afro-Americans but instead throw up roadblocks to groups such as Black Lives Matter, and always take the side of law enforcement in shooting cases

…leave office with the strongest, and most regressive and reactionary Republican Party since the Roaring ‘20s, in control of the presidency, both houses of Congress, and the overwhelming majority of state legislatures

…pull down $400,000 for each speech to the same lords of Wall Street whom we never held accountable for the massive damage they did to the American and world economies after we leave office.

…et cetera.

The Monkey Trap

Welcome to another trip down the rabbit hole from your clever commie cunt in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in Neverland, author of the blog Notes from the Ninth Circle; just call me Chuck.  And, yes, that is a reference to Dante; the name Hell’s Half Acre was already taken when I began the blog in 2011.

When I saw the theme of this podcast, “The Gift”, the first thing I thought of was the Season 5 finale of the TV show Buffy the Vampire Slayer, because that is the episode’s name.  It’s related to n an episode earlier that season called “Intervention” in which Buffy goes on a vision quest in the desert and meets the First Slayer, who tells her, “Death is your gift”.  As in, “Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil…for I am Death, destroyer of worlds and slayer of men”.  Or, in Buffy’s case, vampires.

The first time I heard the story of the Monkey Trap was when I read Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance when I was at uni.  A hunter cuts a hole in a coconut shell just big enough for a monkey’s hand to fit in.  Inside the coconut shell, the hunter places some sort of food like a piece of fruit.  The monkey comes along puts its hand inside, grabs the fruit, but can’t get its hand out holding its prize.  Thus it is trapped by its unwillingness to recognize that it cannot both have and hold at the same time, that it cannot have its fruit and eat it too.  Its perceived bounty, or privilege in some cases, is that which condemns it to the stew pot, or, worse, to those tables with the little round hole in the top when the halves slide together.  In other tellings of the story, the monkey holds onto the fruit until it dies, clinging to the food that cannot be eaten until it starves to death.

While the story of the monkey trap is frequently used these days by self-help motivational speakers, the same principle can be applied to groups, movements, and parties.  At this point, I specifically mean socialists and other leftists.  Comrades, the Russian Revolution is our fruit inside the coconut.  The October Revolution itself was socialist, but what came after was most definitely not.

In her critique of the Bolsheviks called The Russian Revolution, Rosa Luxemberg makes a statement in Chapter 6 that sums up the entire work:  “Socialist Democracy does not come as some kind of Christmas present for the worthy people who have loyally supported a handful of socialist dictators”.  After the Bolsheviks took power, all they did vis-à-vis the Russian people was to trade one one tyrant three thousand miles away, in social heirarchy if not in actual physical distance, for three thousand tyrants one mile away, figuratively speaking again.  Three thousands tyrants following the dictates of a committee of just twenty.

Believe it or not, one self-proclaimed socialist tried to tell me that Luxemberg actually praised Lenin and Trotsky and the rest in her critique; I don’t think they understood that that praise was that of Mark Anthony for Brutus.

Comrades, we socialists need to follow the examples of Luxemberg, Maclean, Debs, Goldman, and others contemporary to that time and let go of the delusion that the Bolshevik leaders, all of them, established anything remotely resembling socialism or building a path toward it.  Under Stalin, it was not a “failed workers state” because it had never been anything of the kind.  To those who prefer to lay all the blame at Stalin’s feet for what the Soviet Union became, and he does have the lion’s share of blame, I remind you that the very structures of which he took advantage were those put in place by Lenin, Trotsky, Zinoviev, and the rest.

And I mean all the Bolshevik leaders; Lenin aborted the existent socialism in Russia to establish state capitalism on the excuse that having socialism that early would violate the protocol of a hypothesis first expounded by Engels and expanded upon by himself.  That is as absurd an action as when the Communist Party of the Philippines ordered its newly-established New Peoples Army from its homebase in the province of Pampanga in Central Luzon where all its members spoke the local language, Kapampangan, to Cagayan Valley in the northeasternmost province of the island of Luzon, where the local language was Ibaneg.  Their rationale?  To imitate Mao’s Long March, since the party has recently adopted Maoism as its ideology.

As long as socialists hold onto the idea that the Bolsheviks were genuinely socialist, capitalists are going to have the coconut our hand is stuck in to beat us over the head with.  Or to simply let us starve to death in obscurity.  The Bolsheviks were nothing more than slaves who dreamed of becoming masters and then did.

On another topic, let’s talk about voting.  Specifically here in Neverland, but the same principle applies everywhere.  Way too many people after the November 2016 election claimed that “Donald Trump is not my President”.  Well, tough fucking shit.  He is.  Get the fuck over it.  Voting is a social contract that implies giving one’s consent that whomever wins the election by the rules laid out at the time is the winner, provided the election is fair.  If you participate by voting, you necessarily consent to the election of the winner.  Otherwise, your vote is morally invalid.  That doesn’t mean you can’t protest if the winner is a racist, misogynist, bigoted, greedy, selfish, narcissistic asshole.  But what it does mean is that everyone who voted for someone other than Trump as well as those who voted for him consented to his election. 

So stop throwing stones at Trump supporters in general; many voted for him simply because his major opponent had less than nothing to offer and in many cases did not even bother to ask for their vote.  Commenting on the Obama presidency someone stated that “American liberals would rather have someone who makes them feel good about themselves than someone who actually does good”.  Which is certainly true, seeing the way too many people cling to the Democratic Party as the “only viable progressive option” to the Republicans, the lesser of two evils.  But sugar on shit don’t make it a brownie.  Nonsocialist progressives need to let go of the fruit in their own coconut.

And that is why so many people voted for Donald Trump; he made them feel good about themselves, even if they had misgivings about some of his other rhetoric.  That is something that calling Trump supporters “deplorables”, Bernie supporters “basement dwellers”, and Black Lives Matter activists “not important” most certainly did not do for Clinton.

On the Electoral College, I would point out that it did precisely what it was designed to do; stop a candidate from winning by campaigning in just the states with the largest, most concentrated populations.  Imagine if the UK had a nationally elected president and a candidate standing for that office could win simply by campaigning almost exclusively in London and Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh, Belfast and Derry, Cardiff and Swansea.  Clinton tried to win by campaigning on the eastern and western coasts, ignoring the heartland almost entirely.

Those casting stones at George Bush and Hillary Clinton for being warmongers need to remember that Barack Obama signed the National Defense Authorization Act containing a provision allowing the indefinite administrative detention (a la Israel) of American citizens without charge in order to continue the wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, etc., dropping 26,000 bombs a years on seven countries, and keeping up drone strikes on “anyone, anywhere on Earth, at any time, for secret reasons based on secret evidence in a secret process undertaken by unidentified officials” (Rosa Brooks).  Obama also initiated the upsurge in expulsions of illegal immigrants, asylum seekers, and refugees that Trump had so greatly expanded.  Just as Stalin couldn’t have been Stalin without Lenin, Trotsky, Zinoviev, and the rest, Trump couldn’t be Trump without Obama; in this, at least, he is following in the footsteps of his predecessor.

Finally, I want to add a few comments of my own on the masculinists in the nationalist and, yes, socialist and progessive, movements in Scotland.  The masculinist, or “men’s rights”, movement in America is the breeding ground from which the alt-right movement sprang.  The tiki torch Nazis in Charlottesville?  Those kind of people came from there.  If that is the company you want to be inyou should start calling yourselves Friends of Trump.  Or you can wake up to the fact that the same system which has created the conditions which make you feel oppressed is oppressing your female fellow humans even more, and turn your anger there.  Let go of the fruit in the coconut.

Last of all, I want to say this:  Be the darkness that illuminates.  Be the silence that resonates.  Be the stillness that agitates.

And remember: It's no better to be blinded by the light than by the dark.

Our day will come, inshallah.  Keep the faith.  Peace out.

Time to leave Lenin behind

In the beginning was the proletariat.  And the proletariat was with God, and the proletariat was God.  The proletariat was in the beginning with God.  All things are made by the proletariat, and without the proletariat nothing gets made that is made.  In the Labor of the proletariat is wealth, and that wealth is the foundation of Capital.  Wealth flows from Labor to Capital but Capital shares it not, except for a trickle downward that smells suspiciously like piss.

The Russian and Iranian Revolution shared the factor of the working class, the proletariat, being its main strength and backbone.  Likewise, both revolutions turned on these foot-soldiers and destroyed their freedom, and in many cases their very lives.

The central tenets of Leninism are state capitalism, Taylorism, democratic centralism, and the party as the vanugard of the proletariat.  Lenin was a fairly effective propagandist, one of the best in the world in fact.  It would have been nice if he’d meant a damn thing he said. 

The tools for the establishment of socialism, first and foremost control of the means of production by the workers and of the military by the soldiers and farms by the peasants, were already in place in the spring of 1917.  After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks destroyed these.  In the case of industrial workers, the classic proletariat, Lenin and the Bolsheviks took control of the means of production from the workers and placed it in the hands of the state.  Lenin remarked in several writings that the ideal at this stage was the state capitalism of the Prussian Junkers, the very people against whom Marx first rose.  God forbid anyone violate ideological protocol by taking advantage of existing workers’ control to build a system based upon that very thing.  Much better to destroy that budding socialism in order to save it.

After taking away control of the means of production, Lenin outlawed independent trade unions and instituted the form of work management know then as Taylorism.  In Taylorism, individual workers have to account for every single minute of their workday with bosses micromanaging their time and methods of work.  Taylorism at the time was one of the main targets against which trade unions in the UK and USA were then struggling.

In democratic centralism, the emphasis is on centralism  Sometimes literally in writing.  This means that a central organ or “collective” makes a decision and all subordinate bodies have to fall in line.  Within Russia itself, decisions were made by the five members of the political bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, and all subordinate bodies of the party were expected to fall in line.  Kind of like the way the Democratic National Committee in the USA demands of the members of its party. 

Democratic centralism was adopted explicitly by the Russian Communist Party in 1921, but the year before, Zinoviev, then Lenin’s right-hand, had imposed it as standard operating procedure upon the new Third or Communist International, thereby subordinating the interests of working class people in other countries and the working class in general to those of the Russian Communist Party, or more specifically, to that party’s five member Polituro.  The Comintern ceased to be anything but a tool from thence forward.

Nowhere in Marx or Engels is there anything about a party of intellectuals and professional revolutionaries acting in the name of working people as the vanguard of the proletariat.  That was an invention of Lenin all on his own.  Because, you know, how dare the workers—and peasants and soldiers—act without the guidance of their betters who know more about what’s better for them than they themselves, just as in capitalist society the bourgeois know better than the proletariat and in agrarian society the planter and the landlord know better than the slave and the peasant.

Leninism and its offspring, Trotskyism, Stalinism, Maoism, etc., did not come to fullfill the socialism but to destroy it.

And Karl Marx had a comment relevant to those who cling to the illusions of the past the way too many would-be socialists cling to the discredited ideas of men a century dead.  In “The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte” of 1852, Marx wrote, “The tradition of all dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brains of the living.  And just as they seem to be occupied with revolutionizing themselves and things, creating something that did not exist before, precisely in such epochs of revolutionary crisis they anxiously conjure up the spirits of the past to their service, borrowing from them names, battle slogans, and costumes in order to present this new scene in world history in time-honored disguise and borrowed language.”

I want the needs of the many to outweigh the greed of the very few.  I want a national health service and hospitals run by nurses, committees of practicing nurses rather than by administrative specialists.  Doctors should be subordinate to nurses, in charge of medical issues only.  Whether owned by the state or the workers themselves, I want the means of production to be run by the workers for the benefit of themselves and their community and the world around them.  I want a legal system in which the state finances defense of the accused at the same level it finances prosecution.  I want an America disarmed with Australian-style gun control and police forces dominated by unarmed officers trained in de-escalation tactics.  I want free education for all at all levels.  I want an end to private prisons, private schools, private probation agencies, private food production, private armies, private corporations.  In a free market, the only things free are the corporations.

Contrary to the pompous pronouncements of its detractors, the Occupy movement achieved its purpose, one which conservatives, neoliberals, and the media cannot co-opt, subvert, undercut, or cast as a reflection of themselves.  Concensus councils, free lending libraries, and communal organizations of the Occupy camps were not the point, which the 1% now find buried in their chests, figuratively speaking.  Occupy changed the conversation from evaluating the worth of individuals by how much profit they can make for the few to focus on correcting the results of the gross inequality that ideology created and ending the Second Gilded Age.

* * * * *

Socialism without democracy is pseudo-socialism, just as democracy without socialism is pseudo-democracy. – Wilhelm Liebknecht, “On the Political Position of Social-Democracy”, 1869

Socialism without democracy is unthinkable. – Karl Kautsky, Chapter II “Democracy and the Conquest of Political Power”, The Dictatorship of the Proletariat, 1918

There is no democracy without socialism, and there is no socialism without democracy. – Rosa Luxemburg, The Russian Revolution, 1918

Socialist Democracy does not come as some kind of Christmas present for the worthy people who have loyally supported a handful of socialist dictators. – Rosa Luxemburg, The Russian Revolution, 1918

Freedom only for the supporters of the government, only for members of one party, however numerous they may be, is no freedom at all. – Rosa Luxemberg, The Russian Revolution, 1918

One Nation Under Fire

A week and a half ago, an entitled white male conservative Christianist in Sutherland Springs, Texas, here in Neverland attended Sunday morning service with his AR-15 and several extended clips of ammunition.  When he left, 27 people were dead and another 20 wounded.  

Thoughts and prayers.  Thoughts and prayers. Moment of silence.  Thoughts and prayers.  

By the end of the week, the massacre was no longer featured in the news as various news outlets found fresh sets of shiny new keys to jangle in front of the masses.  

Thoughts and prayers.  Thoughts and prayers. Moment of silence.  Thoughts and prayers.  

As of this writing, 1608 EST on 15 November, guns have killed 13,579 people in 2017 and wounded 27,679 more, including 317 mass shootings but not counting the 22,000 annual average suicides by gun.  Count those and the body count rises to 35,579, more than twice the death rate among American military personnel in Viet Nam in the peak year of 1968.  

Thoughts and prayers.  Thoughts and prayers. Moment of silence.  Thoughts and prayers.  

But, God bless America, at least we still have our guns.  

Thoughts and prayers.  Thoughts and prayers.  Moment of silence.  Thoughts and prayers.  

And that’s all we in America are going to do about it: think, pray, and remain silent.  Silent, like the darkness of a sealed tomb.

Col. Clift's 7th Tennessee, U.S. Army

During the early months of the War of the Rebellion, East Tennessee (and, curiously, northern McNairy County in West Tennessee) were the two hotspots of diehard Unionist sentiment in the state.  After the state seceded from the Union, the two most troublesome regions for Confederate authorities in the State were Scott County, bordering the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and northern Hamilton County.  In the latter, after the state’s secession, Col. William Clift raised the county’s 37th Tennessee Militia for the Union.  He was sixty-seven years old.

First secession vote in Tennessee

On 8 February 1861, the six former U.S. states that had seceded from the Union thus far—South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana—voted to join together as the Confederate States of America.

The following day, 9 February, had already been scheduled for a vote in Tennessee on the question of whether the state should secede from the Union.  The vote was pushed forward by the extremely pro-secessionist governor of the state Isham Harris.  The rebel sympathizers were soundly defeated by 69,675 citizens voting against calling a convention to formulate articles on independence and secession versus 57,798 in favor.  The difference was most pronounced in East Tennessee, with only two counties (Sullivan and Meigs) in favor.

A nation at war with itself

On 15 April 1861, POTUS Abraham Lincoln called up troops to restore the seceding states to the Union.  On 6 May 1861, the Tennessee General Assembly voted again on whether to call a secession referendum, and this proposal passed.  A subsequent related bill that day authorized the creation of the Provisional Army of Tennessee.

On 30 May 1861, twenty-nine counties from East Tennessee (all thirty minus Rhea) plus the Middle Tennessee county of Macon began to hold a convention in Knoxville to discuss counter-measures.  Its second and final day featured then Senator and later President Andrew Johnson, with delegates agreeing to meet again.  Action was postponed until after the statewide secession vote the following week.

On 8 June 1861, Tennessee held its referendum with voters reversing themselves to give Gov. Harris and his fellow secessionists a very clear majority.  Only six counties in East Tennessee (Sullivan, Monroe, Polk, Meigs, Rhea, and Sequatchie) voted in favor.  Hamilton County and the county seat of Harrison voted against it, while a majority within the then small town of Chattanooga, a major railroad center and burgeoning manufacturing municipality, voted affirmative.  The vote in Hamilton County overall was 1260 against secession compared to 854 in favor.

The East Tennessee Convention reconvened on 17 June 1861 at Greeneville, Greene Co. There the most radical and vociferous delegate was Hamilton County’s own William Clift, a rich planter and entrepeneur who owned a huge plantation in the northern county (his home was near Soddy), but only five slaves.  Clift proposed the counties in East Tennessee unilaterally secede from Tennessee, form their own state government, and fight the Confederacy.  In the end, the delegates voted to separate only with the agreement of the state government and sent the request to Nashville on 20 June 1861.  Their request was summarily rebuffed on 29 June.

First Clift War

At the outbreak of the war, William Clift already bore the rank of colonel as an honorific after having been commander of the county’s 37th Tennessee Militia Regiment for a number of years.  After Unionist refugees from Hamilton and surrounding counties began stopping by his plantation either as a layover on a trip north or for more permanent refuge, Clift took over the Sale Creek Camp Ground of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church.  There, on 10 August 1861, he mustered the 37th Tennessee Militia and renamed it the 7th Tennessee Federal Militia.  His troops began building a camp, including breastworks.  Two of his sons joined; the other two and all three of his sons-in-law enlisted in the Confederate army. 

In early September, the military authorities in Knoxville, set of the District of East Tennessee in the Confederacy and of the Department of East Tennessee under the Provisional Army of Tennessee, sent down orders for Clift’s camp to be dispersed.  Accordingly, the officials in Hamilton and the surrounding counties sent local companies to enforce the dispersal under Capt. William Snow of Hamilton County, Capts. Crawford and Gass of Rhea County, and Capt. Rogers of Meigs County.  In all, there were about three to four hundred men, under the overall command of Col. James W. Gillespie of Euchee, Rhea Co., Tennessee, Clift’s friend and fellow plantation owner and Assistant Inspector General of the Provisional Army of Tennessee.

When the four companies arrived in the vicinity of Sale Creek, third parties intervened to negotiate a nonviolent solution.  On 19 September 1861, Col. Clift and Col. Gillespie signed the Crossroads Treaty at Smith’s Cross Roads (now Dayton), in Rhea County.  This treaty read:

“Whereas, the State of Tennessee has separated from the United States, by a vote of a large majority of the citizens of the State, and adopted the permanent Constitution of the Confederate States of America; and we, as members of the Union partly believing that it becomes necessary for us to make an election between the North and the South, and that our interests and sympathies and feelings are with our countrymen of the South, that any further divisions and dissentions among us. the citizens of East Tennessee, is only calculated to produce war and strife among our homes and families, and desolation of the land, without any material influence upon the contest between the North and the South.

“We hereby agree, That we will in future conduct ourselves as peaceable and loyal citizens of the State of Tennessee, that we will oppose resistance or rebellion against the Constitution and laws of the State of Tennessee, and will use our influence to prevail upon our neighbors and acquaintances to co-operate with us in this behalf; We have been assured by the military authorities of the State, that no act of oppression will be allowed toward us or our families, whilst we  continue in the peaceable pursuits of our several domestic occupations.”

Thus ended the First Clift War.

It was not long, however, before men began reassembling at the Sale Creek Camp Ground and rebuilding their camp, this time including earthworks and a small homemade cannon, probably enough for it to count as the first Civil War fort in the area; we’ll call it Fort Clift.  After Snow’s Company began attacking area Unionists, Clift’s militia responded, but only on a small scale, and the two opposing units never actually fought each other.

East Tennessee Bridge Burnings

The first action of the war which directly affected the Chattanooga country occurred on 8 November 1861 when two railroad bridges across the South Chickamauga Creek were burned by Unionist sympathizers.   Unionists in East Tennessee directed by William Carter of Knoxville were going to destroy nine major railroad bridges in East Tennessee and one in North Georgia to ease the way for an invasion by troops in the Department of the Cumberland under the command of Brig. Gen. William T. Sherman.

The bridges targeted in East Tennessee were those over the Holston River at Union Depot (Bluff City, Sullivan County); over the Watauga River at Carter’s Depot (Watauga, Carter County); over Lick Creek, near Mosheim in Greene County; over the Holston River at Strawberry Plains; the Tennessee River at Loudon; over the Hiwassee River between Calhoun and Charleston; two bridges over Chickamauga River near Chattanooga; and over the Tennessee River at Bridgeport, Alabama.  Another team was detailed to burn the bridge over the Oostanaula River at Resaca, Whitfield County, Georgia.

Locally, Alfred Cate of Bradley County led the attack on the bridge of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad over the Hiwassee River between Calhoun, McMinn County, and Charleston, Bradley County.  Meanwhile, William T. Cate and W.H. Crowder destroyed two of the three bridges of the Western and Atlantic Railroad over the South Chickamauga Creek in Hamilton County.  Robert B. Rogan and James D. Keener, approaching the bridge of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad over the Tennessee River at Bridgport from the Marion County, Tennessee, side were unable to burn the bridge at Bridgeport, Alabama, due to a large encampment of enemy soldiers nearby.

The bridges over the Hiwassee and the Chickamauga were destroyed, along with those over Lick Creek and over the Holston at Union Dept.  Unfortunately for the saboteurs, Brig. Gen. Sherman got cold feet.  However, fear of “Tory” jayhawkers spread quickly throughout East Tennessee.

Second Clift War

At the time of the bridge burnings, the only regular military forces in the area were the 7th, 8th, and 9th Regiments, East Tennessee Infantry (later the 37th, 38th, and 39th Regiments, Tennessee Infantry), the third of which was only partial.  They were under the temporary overall command Brig. Gen. William H.H. Carroll, Inspector General of the Provisional Army of Tennessee.  None were as yet armed and equipped.  Accordingly, Confederate military authorities ordered the 7th Alabama Infantry under Col. S.A.M. Wood up from Pensacola, Florida, and the 16th Alabama Infantry under Col. William B. Wood down from Virginia to take care of the “Clift threat”. 

In addition, several local companies raised for Confederate service but not yet mustered in were called up for the anti-Clift operation.  These were the companies of Capts. William L. Brown and Charles Hardwick of Cleveland, Bradley County, Capt. McClellan of Charleston, Bradley County, Capt. Robert McClary of Polk County, Capt. Smith of McMinn County, and Capt. George W. McKenzie of Meigs County, plus two companies of Rhea County Home Guards.  These local companies were under the command of Col. James W. Gillespie, who had resigned as assistant inspector general, and Col. William H. Tibbs of Cleveland (later of Dalton, Georgia, and last living former member of the Confederate Congress).

Muster all the armed forces possible without calling on Zollicoffer, and capture Clift and his men, dead or alive.

Col. S.A.M. Wood, the senior commander of the operation, planned for the 7th Alabama Infantry to cross the Tennessee River at Chattanooga while Col. W.B. Wood and the 16th Alabama Infantry crossed it at Cottonport, Meigs County.  He ordered Cols. Gillespie and Tibbs cross with their companies eight miles above and below where his own regiment did.  The idea was to keep anyone from escaping the net. 

Capt. McKenzie’s calvary company served the 16th Alabama Infantry as scouts, acting under direct command of Maj. Alexander H. Helvenston of the second battalion of that regiment.  He and his company crossed north of Cottonport at Old Washington, the now all but deserted original seat of Rhea County and then a bustling town.  There he found two companies of Rhea County Home Guards.  Leading these, he proceeded to Smith’s Cross Roads, about fifteen miles north of Fort Clift.  He reported being told there were about five hundred men with Clift and another one thousand in the moutains.

On the morning of Friday, 15 November 1981, forward elements of the 7th Alabama Infantry encountered McKenzie’s company and the Rhea County Home Guards at the Sale Creek encampment and briefly exchanged fire before recognizing each other.

Capturing five stragglers from Clift’s 7th Tennessee Federal Militia, Col. S.A.M. Wood learned that the “Tories”, having learned of the 1500-2000 pressing in on them, took a vote on what to do; there were around two hundred there at the time.  Afterwards, Col. Clift, Lt. Col. William Shelton, and ten others went into the hills to continue fighting.  Capt. Robert Sullivan, a regular army officer who provided liaison with the Department of the Ohio in Kentucky in addition to leading one of the companies, led north over a hundred who voted to go to Kentucky and enlist; the remaining men voted to disperse and did so. 

Thus ended the Second Clift War.

Two weeks later, on 27 November 1861, several veterans organized as a company under Capt. William H.H. Robins, then proceeded north and were mustered into the 2nd Tennessee Volunteer Infantry of the Union army as Co. I of that regiment.  In some records, Capt. Robins appears as the first captain of Co. C of the 7th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, but he did raise Co. I and was with it when it mustered out of service at the end of its three-year term on 26 November 1864.

There were reports of activities by Clift’s diminished band in the area well into January 1862.

7th (East) Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, USA

By May 1862, Col. Clift was behind Union lines in Kentucky.  Authorized by the Secretary of War to raise a regiment of partisans from among the Hamilton County refugees and men of Scott, Anderson, and Morgan Counties, Tennessee, Col. Clift established his headquarters outside of Huntsville, seat of Scott County.  Clift’s direct superior was Brig. Gen. George W. Morgan, commanding the 7th Division of the Army of the Ohio.

The county in which Clift established himself had been known since late 1861 as the Free and Independent State of Scott.  After the State of Tennessee voted to secede, the county held another vote and chose by a landslide to secede from the state to remain in the Union.  It also lay conveniently at the head of Sequatchie Valley.  It officially reunited with the State of Tennessee on 4 May 1986, making forty-five years longer than the State of Dade, which seceded from the State of Georgia in 1860 and only officially rejoined it 4 July 1945.

On 1 June 1862, the new regiment, or in some views the old regiment resurrected, officially began operations, starting with recruiting.  Officially, the regiment was designated the 7th Tennessee Volunteers, but to distinguish it from an exactly like named regiment in West Tennessee, it was often referred to in reports and dispatches as the 7th East Tennessee Volunteers.  The initial command staff were Col. William Clift, Lt. Col. Alexander Hoagland, and Major Robert Sullivan; both of the latter two offers were regular army.  Col. Clift’s former militia lieutenant colonel, William C. Shelton, was now captain of one of the companies.

By early August, Clift and his officers and men had recruited five hundred troops and were recruiting more.  Word had reached Knoxville, and the Department of East Tennessee (upgraded from a district) there sent out two regiments of cavalry to once again take care of the “Clift problem”.  Because so many of his men, including Lt. Col. Hoagland, were out recruiting in the countryside, Clift only had 250 at the fort, mostly untrained.  With the approach of the Confederates, two hundred of these fled, leaving fifty facing off against some 1800.  An hour later, Clift led the twenty-some odd men remaining (the rest had already fled) in retreat.  Thus was the Battle of Huntsville, 9 August 1862.

The 7th Tennessee Volunteers fought occasional skirmishes with Champ Ferguson’s band of Confederate bushwackers, and very likely also engaged Col. Alfred Vaughn’s 13th Tennessee Infantry, PACS (Provisional Army of the Confederate States).  They also took part in the chase of Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan’s command on its third raid into Kentucky in a temporary brigade commanded by Col. William A. Hoskins along with the 12th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry and the 16th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry regiments.  This was according to a dispatch by Col. Hoskins on 26 December 1862.

On the same day at Col. Hoskins dispatch, Clift received orders from the War Department that his regiment be disbanded and its men reassigned to the 8th and 10th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Regiments.  The next month, Col Clift and his command staff traveled to Nashville to appeal the order with Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans, commander of the Department of the Cumberland.  After a confusing series of dispatches, Clift and the 7th Tennessee Volunteers found themselves bivouacked at Camp Nelson in southern Jessamine County, Kentucky in late May 1863.  On 27 May 1863, Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside, commander of the Department of the Ohio, ordered the disbandment of the regiment and reallocation of its officers and men by 31 July 1863.

Some accounts report that the whole regiment merged with the 8th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, but that is not the case.  However, Cos. A and F did so, in fact, in their entirety, complete with their commanding officers.  The fifty troopers of the regiment’s small cavalry component were distributed among Cos. A, E, and G, 11th Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry.  Other men of the regiment were transferred to Co. I, 1st Tennessee Volunteer Infantry; Co. I, 5th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry; and Co. I, 2nd Tennessee Volunteer Infantry. 

On 21 August 1863, Col. Clift himself was assigned to the staff of Brig. Gen. John M. Shackleford of the 3rd Brigade, 4th Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio.  Shackleford put Clift in charge of the advance guard and pioneers corps from Crab Orchard, Kentucky, to Kingston, Tennessee. 

After Rosecrans’ defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga that September, Clift , Burnside placed Clift in charge of the courier line between his own besieged Army of the Ohio at Knoxville and the besieged Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga.  On 14 October, he was captured by Confederate troops, according to one account (which may be apocryphal), led by his own son, Maj. Moses H. Clift.  Held in prison in Atlanta, Georgia, he escaped in December, and was smuggled by slaves and free Afro-Americans back to Union lines via the Underground Railroad.  Pro-slavery before this experience, he became an outspoken emancipationist thereafter.

Roster of the 7th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, USA

When Brig. Gen. Marcus Wright compiled records for his book, Tennessee in the War, 1861-1865 (1908), he treated this regiment as if it were in unbroken continuation with its predecessor, the 7th Tennessee Federal Militia, giving its dates for existence 10 August 1861-1 June 1863, but here listed are just those from the regiment raised beginning 1 June 1862.  There is no roster of the regiment, and these names were culled from The Roster of Union Soldiers, 1861-1865, in which they were listed alphabetically by state (38,000 in Tennessee).  A week after painstakingly compiling this list, I discovered nearly the same thing compiled for the Scott County Historical Society by Roy Paul in Scott County in the Civil War, which I then compared.

Letters in parentheses following a name denote previous companies within the regiment, if any.

Regimental command

Col. William Clift

Lt. Col. Alexander Hoagland

Maj. James S. Duncan (2)

Maj. Robert Sullivan (1)
1st Lt. William Fleming

1st Lt. Clement H. Saffel, Adjutant

1st Lt. Jason J. Palmer, Quartermaster (2)

1st Lt. John T. James, Quartermaster (1)
Sgt. John McFarland, Commissary

Company A

Capt. John Morgan (2)

Capt. Adison B. McCalib (1)

1st Lt. James T. Harris

Sgt. William L. Blankenship

Sgt. Andrew B. Bridges
Sgt. William Collet

Sgt. Thomas G. Frazier

Sgt. William J. Kelley

Sgt. Samuel W. Marvin

Cpl. William J. Barnes

Cpl. James A. Carroll

Cpl. Henry Dash

Cpl. William D. Deford

Cpl. Morgan Hall

Cpl. John Jerdon

Cpl. Joseph P. Keener

Cpl. George O’Neal

Cpl. Samuel Pair
Cpl. Oliver A. Posey
Cpl. Charles Temple

Cpl. William A. Wright
Pvt. John W. Alkorn

Pvt. James Atkins

Pvt. Zan Atkins
Pvt. George W. Bogart

Pvt. David Brown
Pvt. John Burchfield

Pvt. John R. Burk

Pvt. William Carter

Pvt. Isaac F. Cartwright

Pvt. Pierson B. Casteele

Pvt. Elmore W. Colville

Pvt. George W. Darrall

Pvt. Daniel W. Davis

Pvt. James Davis
Pvt. John W. Davis

Pvt. James Doyle

Pvt. Elijah Edwards
Pvt. Benjamin F. Elliot

Pvt. Zachariah Evans

Pvt. Robert W. Fan

Pvt. John Ferris
Pvt. William W. Finley

Pvt. Gilbert R. Frazier

Pvt. Onslow G. Frazier
Pvt. Julian T. Frields
Pvt. Thomas W. Garner

Pvt. Rease B. Gilbert

Pvt. Gilbert H. Golyhorn

Pvt. Francis M. Harrold

Pvt. Elias Henderson

Pvt. Elwood D. Herald

Pvt. Leonard A. Herald

Pvt. Luke G. Herald

Pvt. Marian Herald

Pvt. Thomas Hodgson

Pvt. William H. Hughes

Pvt. Andrew L. Hunt

Pvt. Simon Ingalls

Pvt. Andrew Jackson

Pvt. Andrew W. Johnson

Pvt. Willard H. Johnson

Pvt. William L. Jones (Co. E)

Pvt. Johnigan Joseph
Pvt. David N. Kelley

Pvt. Eli Kelley

Pvt. James J. Kelley

Pvt. William T. Kelley

Pvt. John Kimbro

Pvt. William Kimbro
Pvt. William Lacy

Pvt. Isaac Lemons

Pvt. Jacob M. Lemons

Pvt. Reason M.C. Lewis

Pvt. John S. Long

Pvt. William H. Louis

Pvt. James D. Lusk (Co. C)
Pvt. Joseph N.B. Lusk

Pvt. Levander C. Lusk

Pvt. Samuel I. Lusk

Pvt. William H. Mannis

Pvt. David Mannon

Pvt. George Mannon

Pvt. Peter Marroon

Pvt. Samuel McCaney

Pvt. Henry McClain
Pvt. Merrit Milton

Pvt. Benjamin Monroe

Pvt. William W. Moore (Co. F)

Pvt. William C. Morris

Pvt. Francis M. Mullens

Pvt. William Murphy

Pvt. Samuel Norman

Pvt. James C. Parks (Co. H)
Pvt. William L. Posey

Pvt. David E. Ruble

Pvt. James Russell

Pvt. Martin V. Russell

Pvt. Charles L. Shacks

Pvt. George M. Smith

Pvt. William N. Stuart

Pvt. John Swafford

Pvt. William S. Swafford

Pvt. Thomas Trewhite

Pvt. Edward Vann

Pvt. John A. Vicory

Pvt. Francis M. West

Pvt. Jonathan White

Pvt. William J. White

Pvt. Charles Wiget

Company B

Capt. William B. Shelton

1st Lt. Robert H. McPherson

2nd Lt. James Hooper

1st Sgt. Francis C. Johnston

Sgt. Archibald Fitzgerald

Sgt. William Hooper

Sgt. Thomas J. Weir

Sgt. James P. Willis

Cpl. Warren N. Eaton

Cpl. Eli B. Fitsgerald

Cpl. David G. Foster

Cpl. Henry C. Francisco

Cpl. John R. Guffey

Cpl. John H. R. McPherson

Cpl. George M.D. Shelton
Pvt. William A. Allen

Pvt. George R. Atchley

Pvt. James M. Cavet

Pvt. Eli Cleveland

Pvt. Andrew J. Cole

Pvt. Troy Colens

Pvt. William Crawford

Pvt. Anderson F. Dotson

Pvt. Joseph Duncan

Pvt. Robert D. Eaton

Pvt. John L. Farmer

Pvt. Richard Farmer

Pvt. William Farmer

Pvt. Elias J. Farris
Pvt. Calloway Felt

Pvt. Squire Fitzgerald
Pvt. George Flippin
Pvt. Robert Francisco

Pvt. Gilbert H. Golyhorn

Pvt. Marian F. Graham

Pvt. Samuel J. Graham

Pvt. Joel K. Green

Pvt. Alex L. Grigsby

Pvt. James W. Grisham
Pvt. Joseph Grisham

Pvt. Richard Grisham

Pvt. James A. Guffey

Pvt. Joseph C. Gusham

Pvt. Henry Hamilton

Pvt. John B. Hamilton

Pvt. Jonathan H. Hamilton

Pvt. Robert N. Hamilton

Pvt. Rice Hickman
Pvt. Emanuel B. Jett

Pvt. Clinton Jock

Pvt. Samuel F. King
Pvt. Isaac B. Kirkpatrick

Pvt. Zedric Lawson

Pvt. Edward Lee (Co. F)

Pvt. Jesse C. Lee

Pvt. Benjamin L. Marr

Pvt. William Marr

Pvt. Samuel Massy

Pvt. William C. McAmis

Pvt. Marcus Mcclure

Pvt. Jasper McDuffie
Pvt. Abner H. McEwen

Pvt. Alex A. McEwen

Pvt. Rufus G. McEwen

Pvt. Martin Milliway

Pvt. Henry Newberry
Pvt. James H. Nicker

Pvt. Elijah M. Norville

Pvt. William A. Pearce

Pvt. Andrew H. Plank

Pvt. William J. Plank

Pvt. John N. Rodgers

Pvt. Samuel Rolston

Pvt. James B. Ross

Pvt. Thomas J. Ross

Pvt. William Shewbird

Pvt. Isaac L. Smart

Pvt. Thomas Spurgeon

Pvt. Benjamin F. Staggs

Pvt. Samuel M. Staggs

Pvt. Thomas J. Taylor

Pvt. Isaac Thompson

Pvt. Thomas H. Tucker

Pvt. Samuel H. Weir

Pvt. John Wilson

Pvt. Robert D. Wilson
Pvt. Joseph Winston

Pvt. Thomas Wooden

Pvt. John Woods

Company C

Capt. Hiram Mahaffe (2)

Capt. William H.H. Robbins (1)

1st Lt. James H. Taylor (Co. G)
1st Lt. Asa Newport

2nd Lt. Ezekial Newport Sr.

Sgt. Matthew P. Davis

Sgt. William H. Williams

Cpl. William Barnes

Cpl. Pleasant W. Beaty

Cpl. Thomas Z. Gilbert

Cpl. Little Berry Goad

Cpl. David S. Jinkins

Pvt. John D. Able

Pvt. John Baty

Pvt. Alexander Beaty

Pvt. Jack P. Boswell

Pvt. Pleasant Bowling

Pvt. William Bowling

Pvt. James Bruner

Pvt. William Bruner

Pvt. John Burton

Pvt. James Byerly

Pvt. William Byerly

Pvt. John Choat
Pvt. Josiah Couch

Pvt. John Cross

Pvt. Stephen E. Davis

Pvt. Welcome H. Davis
Pvt. Jonathan Emory (Co. A)

Pvt. William W. Emory

Pvt. George W. Everett
Pvt. Henry Flowers
Pvt. Bennett S. Frederick

Pvt. Solomon Good

Pvt. Alfred Gowen

Pvt. Dodson G. Gowen (Co. A)

Pvt. Francis M. Gowen

Pvt. Jefferson Gowen

Pvt. Franklin Hammons

Pvt. Russell Hammons

Pvt. John Henry

Pvt. Thhomas Hix

Pvt. William Hodgon

Pvt. Milburn Hogue

Pvt. Rufus C. Hughes

Pvt. Uriah Hunycut

Pvt. William R. Hunycut

Pvt. Jasper Jeffers

Pvt. Marion Jeffers

Pvt. Elisha Jones

Pvt. Miller Jones

Pvt. William Jones

Pvt. Cornelius Kelly

Pvt. Mithcell Layman

Pvt. Preston Logan

Pvt. Samuel Long

Pvt. Julius Mannan

Pvt. Cornelius Manning

Pvt. Samuel Manning (Co. H)

Pvt. Francis M. McDonald

Pvt. John A. Miles

Pvt. Samuel D. Miles (Co. H)

Pvt. James Miller (Co. B)

Pvt. Christopher Myers (Co. B)

Pvt. James Neily

Pvt. Stephen Nelson (Co. B)

Pvt. Calvin Newport

Pvt. Ezekial Newport, Jr.

Pvt. Fielding Newport

Pvt. James Newport
Pvt. John Newport

Pvt. Richard Newport

Pvt. John Newton

Pvt. James L. Parkham
Pvt. Jacob Parks

Pvt. John N. Pendergrass

Pvt. William Phillips

Pvt. John M. Pierce

Pvt. Thomas D. Pierce (Co. B)
Pvt. William Pierce

Pvt. James M. Reynolds

Pvt. James Roark Jr.

Pvt. James W. Roark

Pvt. William C. Roark
Pvt. Jordan Rogers

Pvt. William Rogers

Pvt. William L. Rolston

Pvt. James Romines (Co. B)

Pvt. Fountain Sexton

Pvt. Riley Shannon

Pvt. George Shavess

Pvt. John Shavess

Pvt. Austin L. Shipley

Pvt. Alexander Shipman
Pvt. Doug Shubert

Pvt. Henry M. Shubert

Pvt. Charles Sleeper

Pvt. Daniel Smith

Pvt. Elijah Smith
Pvt. William Smithers
Pvt. James Stevenson

Pvt. Daniel Walker

Pvt. James Ward

Pvt. William A. West

Pvt. William A. Wright

Company E

Capt. William H.H. Robbins

1st Lt. Preston Huff (Co. C)

2nd Lt. Andrew Huff (Co. C)

Sgt. William Newport (Co. C)

Sgt. William Walker

Sgt. Jonathan Williams

Sgt. George W. Rich

Cpl. Pleasant W. Beaty

Cpl. David M. Cowan

Cpl. Thomas J. Crockett

Cpl. Hiram Sloan

Cpl. James Sloan

Cpl. Alexander Smith
Cpl. Fountain F. Wilson
Pvt. Andrew Anderson

Pvt. William Ayers

Pvt. John M. Baty (Co. F)

Pvt. Alexander Beaty (Co. C)

Pvt. Granville Beaty

Pvt. James Bell

Pvt. John Bell

Pvt. Chamberlain Bilberry
Pvt. James Boophet

Pvt. John Brown

Pvt. John H. Brown

Pvt. Robert Cliborn
Pvt. David M. Cowan (Co. C)

Pvt. Alexander Crabtree

Pvt. John Crabtree

Pvt. Riley Davis

Pvt. William R. Davis

Pvt. Jeremiah Delk

Pvt. William Delk

Pvt. Rufus Dowdy
Pvt. Jesse Downs

Pvt. William A. Edwards (Co. F)

Pvt. John Fuston

Pvt. Shelby Gregory

Pvt. Champion Guffery

Pvt. James Harrand

Pvt. James Hicks (Co. F)
Pvt. A.M. Hombs

Pvt. William H. Huff (Co. C)

Pvt. Rod H. Hundley
Pvt. John Jentry
Pvt. William Jentry

Pvt. Henry Levingston

Pvt. John Males
Pvt. Jackson Maples

Pvt. John Neal

Pvt. Charles Owens

Pvt. John Peavyhouse

Pvt. Granville C. Perdew (Co. C)

Pvt. Henry Perdue

Pvt. Milton Perdue Jr.
Pvt. Jonathan Pike

Pvt. James Piles

Pvt. Levi Piles

Pvt. Sherod Piles

Pvt. Jacob Pressley

Pvt. James Rason
Pvt. William Romage

Pvt. George W. Sharp

Pvt. Braxton Simpson

Pvt. William Simpson

Pvt. Emanuel Smith

Pvt. George Smith

Pvt. James M. Smith

Pvt. Samuel Smith

Pvt. John H. Stevens

Pvt. Drew Struks

Pvt. Asberry Tabor

Pvt. Thomas N. Tabor

Pvt. Joseph Troxwell
Pvt. Richard Uptigrove

Pvt. James Victory

Pvt. Lewis Weston

Pvt. Joseph Whitehead

Pvt. Mathias Whitehead

Pvt. Samuel Whitehead

Pvt. Francis Williams

Pvt. James H. Williams

Pvt. Theophilus Williams

Pvt. John Zachery

Company F

Capt. James Wilson (2)

Capt. Hiram Mahaffe (1)

1st Lt. John Newport (Cos. C, E)

Lt. Thomas Looper

Sgt. John Downs

Sgt. Joseph Griffith Jr.
Sgt. William Newport

Sgt. Martin Redman

Cpl. James Bunch

Cpl. Houston Fields

Cpl. Julian F. Frields

Pvt. John Ambourn

Pvt. Andrew Anderson

Pvt. Eason Anderson

Pvt. John C. Barger

Pvt. James Bird

Pvt. William Boswell (Co. A)

Pvt. Andrew J. Brown

Pvt. Thomas Brown

Pvt. John Bunch

Pvt. Columbus Campbell
Pvt. George W. Carpenter

Pvt. William Cobb

Pvt. Allen Cooper

Pvt. John Davis

Pvt. David Downs

Pvt. James F. Early

Pvt. Lindsey H. Fields

Pvt. James M. Frields

Pvt. David Fulton

Pvt. Tandy Gallimore

Pvt. Joel K. Gearen

Pvt. Anderson Grasham

Pvt. Allen Griffith

Pvt. John Griffith

Pvt. Joseph Griffith Sr.
Pvt. Joseph Griffith Jr.

Pvt. Richard Griffith

Pvt. William Griffith

Pvt. Mehlyn Hancock

Pvt. David Hill
Pvt. W.A. Hood

Pvt. James Huckeby

Pvt. Robert Huckeby

Pvt. John Hughes
Pvt. George M. Jeffers

Pvt. Francis M. Jenkins
Pvt. Marion Johnson

Pvt. John J. Jordan
Pvt. Malon H. Kindred

Pvt. William B. Kindred

Pvt. William B. Lane

Pvt. Henry Langly

Pvt. William Lewallen

Pvt. Thomas M. Linggo

Pvt. Emerson Looper

Pvt. Granville Looper

Pvt. John Looper

Pvt. Zachariah Lord

Pvt. Thomas J. Loyd

Pvt. George W. Maxwell (Co. B)

Pvt. John McGee

Pvt. Richard McGee

Pvt. James P. McKinney

Pvt. John Newport

Pvt. Isaac Overton

Pvt. Abraham Phillis

Pvt. Brady Price

Pvt. Elijah B. Queen

Pvt. Allen Reed

Pvt. Gilbert Reed

Pvt. Isaac Resedon
Pvt. Robert M. Riddle

Pvt. Willis R. Right

Pvt. Ferdon A. Roberts
Pvt. James Selers

Pvt. Andrew Sexton

Pvt. Andrew J. Shelton

Pvt. George Shoat

Pvt. John Shoat

Pvt. Richard Stringfield
Pvt. Elijah Terry

Pvt. George W. Underwood

Pvt. Edward Vann
Pvt. Jonathan Voils

Pvt. William Voils

Pvt. Charles White

Pvt. John E. White

Company G

Capt. William Cotton

1st Lt. William Cecill

Lt. Emanuel Sexton
Sgt. Joshua D. Bray

Sgt. William M. Chitwood

Sgt. Isaac N. Hansard
Cpl. G.P. Holmes

Pvt. James Ashley

Pvt. John H. Bray
Pvt. Joseph D. Bray
Pvt. Perry Bray
Pvt. Andrew Brown
Pvt. Thomas Brown

Pvt. John Bunch
Pvt. John M. Burnard

Pvt. David H. Burwick

Pvt. John M. Burwick

Pvt. Isaac Cecill

Pvt. Granville Chitwood

Pvt. Hugh W. Cross

Pvt. John Donty

Pvt. Isaac Dougherty

Pvt. John Dougherty (Co. C)

Pvt. John Dougherty Sr.

Pvt. Timothy Dwyer

Pvt. Charles S. Francis

Pvt. Jacob Hammon

Pvt. Malin Hancock

Pvt. Jasper Harris

Pvt. Alexander L. Hickman

Pvt. William Hubbs

Pvt. William Johnson

Pvt. Ewell Keeton

Pvt. Calvin Lewis

Pvt. Dockter Lewis

Pvt. Jesse Lewis

Pvt. William Lewis

Pvt. John Litton (Co. C)

Pvt. William Luttwell

Pvt. James Mabery

Pvt. Reuben Markum

Pvt. William Mayberry

Pvt. Allen McDonald

Pvt. William H. Moore

Philip Myers (Co. F)

Pvt. James G. Newel (Cos. A, F)

Pvt. Emanuel Phillips (Co. F)

Pvt. Riley Phillips

Pvt. Winford Phillips

Pvt. David H. Porter

Pvt. James K. Porter

Pvt. James M.O. Riddle

Pvt. Marion H. Riddle

Pvt. James Russell

Pvt. Orson A. Shipley

Pvt. Levi Silcox

Pvt. William Smith

Pvt. Thomas Smither

Pvt. William Smithers

Pvt. James Thompson

Pvt. Lorenzo D. Thompson (Co. F)
Pvt. George Underwood

Pvt. John C. Webb

Pvt. Charles H. West

Pvt. Reason West

Pvt. Reuben West

Pvt. Wesley West Sr.

Pvt. Wesley West Jr.

Pvt. William Wilcox

Pvt. James G. Wilson

Company H

Capt. Adison McCalib (2) (Co. A)
1st Lt. Asbury B. Conner (Co. A)

2nd Lt. John Monger (Co. A)

Sgt. Sullivan W. Davis

Sgt. William W. Lewis

Sgt. Lattimore G. Talley

Cpl. Alfred M. Bettis (Co. A)

Cpl. John P. Cannon (Co. A)

Cpl. William A. Wright

Pvt. Levi M. Adkins
Pvt. Spencer A. Adkinson

Pvt. Jesse W. Alcorn

Pvt. William F. Allen (Co. A)

Pvt. Daniel Atchley

Pvt. Ansel Bandy

Pvt. John Bandy (Co. B)

Pvt. Solomon Bell

Pvt. Howell Bettis (Co. A)

Pvt. James M. Bly
Pvt. Jacob C. Borin

Pvt. Jesse Bryant (Co. A)

Pvt. James W. Burk
Pvt. John P. Cannon

Pvt. Johnathan Chadwick

Pvt. William O. Chadwick

Pvt. John Chapman

Pvt. John R. Clayton (Co. A)

Pvt. Benjamin C. Coleman (Co. A)

Pvt. John Davis

Pvt. Gideon T. Denton

Pvt. James C. Denton

Pvt. Elisha Edwards
Pvt. George W. Essey

Pvt. Richard Fairbanks

Pvt. David Fulton

Pvt. Nicholas G. Givens (Co. C)

Pvt. Rolon Green

Pvt. George Gregory

Pvt. Meredith Hart

Pvt. George W. Hasler

Pvt. James Heaton (Co. A)

Pvt. George W. Herron

Pvt. Preston Hoar

Pvt. Howell Hodges
Pvt. William Hodgson

Pvt. Joel W. Hoge

Pvt. David A. Hunt
Pvt. John M. Jackson

Pvt. Daniel Jones

Pvt. William T. Jones
Pvt. Eulenberg Keeton

Pvt. Joseph A. Lacey
Pvt. Thomas T. Lacy
Pvt. William P. Lamerrick

Pvt. Isaac Layman

Pvt. George W. Lewis

Pvt. Lafayette H. Lewis (Co. A)

Pvt. William H.H. Lewis

Pvt. William F. Lomenick (Co. A)

Pvt. William D. Losley

Pvt. Isaac Lowe (Co. A)

Pvt. Wiley Lowe

Pvt. John Luther

Pvt. Abanah Mahan

Pvt. Alex Mahan

Pvt. Felix H. Mahan

Pvt. Benjamin Maning

Pvt. Reason Marcum

Pvt. Samuel R. Martin (Co. A)

Pvt. William R. Masey

Pvt. William R. Mayberry (Co. A)

Pvt. David McAndrews

Pvt. Whitley Melton (Co. A)

Pvt. Samuel Miles

Pvt. James Miliken

Pvt. William H. Morgan
Pvt. Francis Mullens

Pvt. Francis Newton (Co. A)

Pvt. James C. Parks (Co. A)

Pvt. Isam Oenney (Co. A)

Pvt. Benjamin Posey (Co. A)

Pvt. William N. Prichard (Co. F)

Pvt. Andrew J.M. Pullen (Co. A)

Pvt. James A. Roberts
Pvt. William H. Rose

Pvt. Wyatt Ross

Pvt. Charles T. Sparks

Pvt. David Stevenson

Pvt. James Stone

Pvt. Charles G. Stultz

Pvt. Benjamin R. Talley

Pvt. Dudley H. Talley

Pvt. Leonidas B. Thompson

Pvt. Samuel A. Thornton

Pvt. Rufus Underwood

Pvt. Jeff C. Walker

Pvt. John Walker
Pvt. Pleasant W. West

Pvt. Solomon Young

Company Unknown

Cpl. William L. Morris
Pvt. Lorenzo Canada
Pvt. John Huffaker
Pvt. Calvin Letner
Pvt. Robert Nelson
Pvt. Jason Palmer
Pvt. Arthur Peters
Pvt. William R. Redding
Pvt. William Smith
Pvt. Nathan Williams