(For updated information, see 'Hamilton Co., TN forts, War of the Rebellion' at http://notesfromtheninthcircle.blogspot.com/2018/05/hamilton-co-tn-forts-war-of-rebellion.html)
(Last revised here 27 December 2021)
During the War of the Rebellion, the town of Chattanooga and its environs served as base for the Union’s Department of the Cumberland and became home to many forts, redoubts, earthworks, lunettes, rifle pits, breastworks, redans, lilts, blockhouses, and other fortifications. The period known officially as the Federal Military Occupation stretched from 9 September 1863 to 20 August 1866. It did not really begin as such, however, until the Atlanta Campaign launched from Chattanooga and its environs on 5 May 1864.
During the War of the Rebellion, the town of Chattanooga and its environs served as base for the Union’s Department of the Cumberland and became home to many forts, redoubts, earthworks, lunettes, rifle pits, breastworks, redans, lilts, blockhouses, and other fortifications. The period known officially as the Federal Military Occupation stretched from 9 September 1863 to 20 August 1866. It did not really begin as such, however, until the Atlanta Campaign launched from Chattanooga and its environs on 5 May 1864.
At
the time of the war, the town limits of Chattanooga stretched from the
Tennessee River in the north and west to what are now West 23rd Street and Baldwin Street in the south and east.
The Federal Military Occupation officially began 9 September 1863 when Brig. Gen.
G. D. Wagner of the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 21st Corps, Army of the Cumberland, entered the town in the wake of the withdrawal
by the Confederate Army of Tennessee that morning. It ended when the last
two federal units, the 16th and the 44th U.S. Colored
Troops, mustered out of service 30 April 1866, though Maj. Gen. Alvan C. Gillem
continued as commander of the Military District of East Tennessee until the end
of the year.
The
HQs of both the Department and the Post of Chattanooga made their homes there,
and later the District of the Etowah after it replaced the Post of Chattanooga
in the reorganization of the Department in February 1865, following the
dissolution of the Department of the Ohio and the merger of its units and
territories into that of the Cumberland.
With the complete reorganization of military departments in the occupied
territories, Chattanooga became headquarters for the District of East Tennessee
of the Department of Tennessee in the Division of the Tennessee.
The
purpose of all these defenses was two-fold.
First, to protect the hub of the five railroads which met in
Chattanooga, three of which utilized the same physical tracks entering the
town. Second, to provide support for
defense of the rail lines extending outward from Chattanooga:
The
shared line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad and the Memphis
& Charleston Railroad from Chattanooga to Bridgeport;
The Wills Valley Railroad, which branched
off the line of the first two at Wauhatchie Station and at the time ended in
Trenton, Georgia;
The
section of the East Tennessee & Georgia
Railroad from Chattanooga extending to the Hiwassee River, the boundary
between the Department of the Cumberland and the Department of the Ohio, which
guarded the remainder;
The
Western & Atlantic Railroad as
far as the Union front lines extended in Georgia.
Five
years later and there might have been a sixth to defend: the Harrison & Lafayette Railroad
abandoned shortly before the war due to bankruptcy. It was to junction with the Western &
Atlantic one mile west of Graysville at a station to be called Johnson. Gunbarrel Road originated as part of the
roadbed, while another section was flattened and packed along a section
extending one-quarter north of the intended junction. Military maps indicate that Johnson Station
itself, probably little more than a whistle-stop platform, had been built.
It
was in pursuit of the second objective, protection of the railroads, that at
the end of June 1864, Maj. Gen. James B. Steedman, commanding officer of the
Post of Chattanooga then the District of the Etowah until taking up command of
the new Department of Georgia at Augusta on 27 June 1865, issued an order that
all civilians not having taken a loyalty oath found within three miles of any
railroad were to be brought to Chattanooga as spies.
The
following are the forts, redoubts, and batteries in Chattanooga town proper, between
Baldwin Street, Twenty-third Street, and the Tennessee River. The ordnance listed for each is that with
which they were provisioned at the outset of the Atlanta Campaign.
Before
its defacing for fill dirt, Cameron Hill was a miniature Lookout Mountain. To the east of its northern end stands
Kirkman Hill, now home to ATT Stadium.
Between the two is Stillhouse Hollow.
The end of what’s now West MLK Boulevard on the river side of Cameron
Hill came out in Blue Goose Hollow, later home to Bessie Smith. Terrace Hill sits somewhat detached slightly
to the south. Academy or College Hill
stands to the southeast.
Forts and
batteries in the town of Chattanooga
Fort Carpenter (aka Redoubt Carpenter) sat atop Kirkman
Hill, formerly known as Reservoir Hill, so-named for having been the city
reservoir post-bellum. It hosted two
100-pounder Parrott guns, two 3-inch Rodman guns, and two light 12-pounder guns. Named for Maj. Stephen D. Carpenter, 19th U.S. Infantry, killed at the battle of Stones River 31 December 1862.
Signal Point, the garrison’s
most important communications post, stood at the apex of Cameron Hill. About the same area now occupied by the miniscule
remnant of Boynton Park which once crowned the entire hilltop.
Fort Cameron, originally built
by the Confederates, also sat on the crest of Cameron Hill, but about a city block
south of Signal Point. It sat right in
the middle of the Blue Cross complex and hosted four 100-pounder Parrott guns. Named for Unionist supporter James Cameron.
Fort Coolidge (aka Redoubt Coolidge or Battery Coolidge; originally Battery Rousseau) occupied
approximately at the current intersection of West MLK Boulevard and Boynton
Avenue on a knoll above the south side of Blue Goose Hollow. It hosted two 3-inch Rodman guns and two
12-pounder howitzers. Named for Maj.
Sidney Coolidge, 16th U. S. Infantry, killed at the battle of
Chickamauga, 19 September 1863.
Fort Mihalotzy (originally Fort Brannan) was nearby on the
southern spur of Cameron Hill, roughly at the intersection of West Martin
Luther King Boulevard and Gateway Avenue. It hosted four 15-inch Rodman guns and
four 8-inch Rodman guns. Named for Col.
Geza Mihalotzy, 24th Illinois Infantry, killed at Dalton, 25 February
1864.
Fort Sheridan (aka Fort Crutchfield and Redoubt Crutchfield) stood on Terrace Hill about where the Boynton
Towers building now stands. It hosted one
15-inch Rodman gun and two light 12-pounder guns. Named for another outspoken Unionist, William
Crutchfield.
Fort Lytle (aka Star Fort) took up around four city blocks
on Academy Hill in the about center of College Hill Courts. Its massive walls were twenty feet high and
several feet thick and hosted three 20-pounder Parrott guns and two light 12-pounder guns. Named for Brig. Gen. William I. Lytle, killed
at the battle of Chickamauga, 20 September 1863.
Fort Jones (aka Battery Jones and Stone Fort) stood where the federal Customs House is now across from
city hall, hosting one 20-pounder Parrott gun, two 12-pounder howitzers, and
three light 12-pounder guns. Named for Col.
William G. Jones, 36th Ohio Infantry,
killed at the battle of Chickamauga, 19 September 1863.
Battery Taft lay south of
East Martin Luther King Boulevard between Lindsay Street and Houston Street. The fortification may never have served its
intended function, hosting garrison infantry soldiers instead of guns. Named for Lieut. Col. J. B. Taft, 73rd Pennsylvania Infantry, killed at the battle of Chattanooga, 25 November 1863.
Battery Erwin was divided in
half and took up three positions. One
was in the southeast corner of East 8th Street and Mabel
Street. Another was in the northeast
corner of East Martin Luther King Boulevard and Peeples Street. The unit also manned a line of works along
the west side of Houston Street between McCallie Avenue and Vine Street. The battery was assigned four 3-inch Rodman
guns and two 12-pounder howitzers. Named
for Maj. S. C. Erwin, 6th Ohio Infantry, killed at the battle of
Chattanooga, 25 November 1863.
Fort Sherman stretched from
East 3rd Street past East 4th Street to East 5th Street between Georgia Avenue and Lindsay Street and beyond. The Brabson House stood in the center of the
line of works. Named for Maj. Gen.
William T. Sherman, commanding the Military Division of the Mississippi.
Redoubt Putnam (aka Fort Putnam) sat at the southeast
corner of Walnut Street and East 5th Street, anchoring the west end
of Fort Sherman and hosting two 15-inch Rodman guns and four 12-pounder
howitzers. Named for Col. Holden Putnam, 93rd Illinois Infantry, killed at the battle of Chattanooga, 25 November
1863.
Lunette O’Meara stuck out from
the center of Fort Sherman at the southeast corner of East 5th Street and Lindsay Street hosting two 30-pounder Parrott guns and six light
12-pounder guns. Named for Lieut. Col. Timothy
O’Meara, 90th Illinois Infantry, killed at the battle of Chattanooga,
25 November 1863.
Battery Bushnell (aka Redoubt Bushnell) sat in the northeast corner
of East 4th Street and Lindsay Street, anchoring the east end of
Fort Sherman and hosting two 20-pounder Parrott guns and two 8-inch Rodman guns. Named for Maj. D. L. Bushnell, 13th Illinois Infantry, killed in the battle of Chattanooga, 25 November 1863
Signal Hill, the garrison’s
second-most important communications platform, lay roughly in the center of the
parking lot of what is now Hunter Museum. In official correspondence, Union
officers referred to the entire hill on the east side (and beyond) as Signal
Hill. Sometimes called East Fifth Street
Hill or Brabson Hill by locals, Signal Hill extends from Market Street in the
west to the old line of the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad (now the UTC
Greenway) in the west, south of the Tennessee River to East MLK Boulevard.
Battery McAloon sat on the
Tennessee River, near the end of Houston Street, forward of Battery Bushnell
and above Citico Creek, giving its name to the Battery Place neighborhood while
hosting four 12-pounder howitzers. Named
for Lieut. Col. P. A. McAloon, 27th Pennsylvania Infantry, killed at
the battle of Chattanooga, 25 November 1863.
A
blockhouse guarded the railroad depot which once occupied the site where the
Krystal Building and the Public Library are now.
In
addition to these, numerous earthworks, rifle pits, and breastworks provided
additional defense. Each redoubt had at
its center a blockhouse keep.
A
two-mile long parapet stretched across the line from upriver to down river,
anchored by Forts Crutchfield, Lytle, and Jones, Battery Erwin, and Fort
Sherman from west to east.
Speaking
of Fort Sherman, Redoubt Putnam, Lunette O’Meara, and Battery Bushnell were
parts of its overall fortifications.
A
magazine ran the length of the east side of Cameron Hill, dug deep into its
ground.
Forward
positions outside the town limits and the long parapet included the following:
Fort Creighton (aka Fort Wood) at the apex of what’s now
called Fort Wood Hill occupied a city block, was a bastion with a blockhouse keep. Its armaments were eight 8-inch Rodman guns
and six 12-pound Whitworth guns. Named
for Col. William R. Creighton, Seventh Ohio Infantry, killed in the assault
upon the enemy’s lines on Taylors Ridge at Ringgold Gap commanding 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 12th Army Corps, 27 November 1863.
Lunette Palmer (originally Fort Jef. C. Davis), atop the knob of Chattanooga's eastern hill where Park Place School is now.
Fort Phelps (aka Fort Negley), a bastion with a
blockhouse keep, stood within the modern Fort Negley neighborhood bound by Main
Street, East 17th Street, Mitchell Street, Read Street and Rossville
Avenue. It had seven 8-inch Rodman guns
and three 12-pound Whitworth guns. Named
for Col. E. H. Phelps, 38th Ohio
Infantry, killed commanding the 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, 14th Army Corps in the assault against Missionary Ridge.
The
construction of the wooden bridge known as the Meigs Allee, the first permanent span connecting the right and left
banks of the Tennessee River at Chattanooga, was one of the more impressive
feats of the Pioneer Brigade, the Army of the Cumberland’s combat engineers. Assisted in this case by soldiers of the 21st Michigan Infantry, the engineers designed the bridge to replace the temporary
pontoon bridge erected first. Its north
end touched land at what is now Renaissance Park, where the foundation of the
blockhouse guarding that end remains.
On
the north side of the river, west of the city, earthworks and a blockhouse
together called Fort Whitaker
occupied the southern tip of Stringers Ridge at the big toe of Moccasin Point. In addition there were four additional
blockhouses on that ridge and other hills across what is now Hill City and
North Chattanooga. The redoubt Fort Hill stood atop the knob in Normal Park upon which
Valentine Circle now runs, probably marking the eastern end of the fortifications. The whole line was anchored in the center, a thousand feet east of the current tunnel between Hill City and Red Bank, by Fort Wilder, first built for defense of the guns battering the city 21 August-9 September, opening the Chattanooga Campaign.
Fort Stanley was the redoubt
at Point Lookout atop the same-named mountain, inside what's now Fort Circle. It was supported by two
blockhouses and surrounding rifle pits.
Fort Hooker was the redoubt anchoring the line of works protecting the western approach to the critical Brown's Ferry and Brown's Landing in lower Lookout Valley, at least from their capture by Union forces through the Battles of Chattanooga. The Confederates built it originally as Redoubt Stevenson.
Fort Hooker was the redoubt anchoring the line of works protecting the western approach to the critical Brown's Ferry and Brown's Landing in lower Lookout Valley, at least from their capture by Union forces through the Battles of Chattanooga. The Confederates built it originally as Redoubt Stevenson.
Every
high point in the Chattanooga Valley probably hosted a blockhouse. We know that the Citico Mound, at the old
Mississippian-era Muskogean site, did so because photographs exist from the
occupation of soldiers next to it. Other
likely sites for blockhouses in the valley include Orchard Knob, Indian Hill,
Bald Knob, Clifton Hill, and Hawkins Ridge.
Blockhouses
guarded both sides of the Tennessee River at Brown’s Ferry. Further upriver, another undoubtedly guarded
the county seat at Harrison, unless the Union reused the redoubt previously
built there by Pat Cleburne’s troops. Doubtful,
since records indicate a small blockhouse at Tyner Station despite the fact
that two more of his redoubts were on either side of the tracks (another pair
lay three miles south on a ridge overlooking Chickamauga Station).
Railroad
blockhouses and earthworks
At
Bridgeport were three redoubts, the imaginatively named Fort No. 3 on a knoll
west of the railroad and the equally imaginatively named Fort No. 2 at the
northwest end of the hill in Bridgeport.
The third, Fort No. 1 which may never have been manned, was a massive
structure five hundred feet long. All
three had blockhouses within.
Between
Bridgeport and Chattanooga, the Army Pioneer Brigade built ten more blockhouses
guarding key points. Three guarded the
two railroad bridges passing over Long Island just off-bank from
Bridgeport. Two were large cross-shaped
infantry and artillery blockhouses, one on the island the other on the left
bank. The third guarded a battery posted
on the hill overlooking the bridge on the left bank. Four more guarded the massive railroad
trestle in Running Water Valley, now called Whiteside, constructed by the
Pioneer Brigade, the combat engineers of the Army of the Cumberland.
Wauhatchie
Station, the junction of the two railroads on the one rail from the west with
the Wills Valley Railroad coming up from Trenton, would have had one or two
blockhouses and maybe a redoubt too. So
too would Trenton, as well as any bridges.
East
of Chattanooga, the Pioneer Brigade built another railroad improvement, a
junction for the Western & Atlantic and East Tennessee & Georgia
Railroads steering the first onto the tracks of the second through the tunnel
in Missionary Ridge. This was roughly at
the current junction of the two lines just west of the South Chickamauga Creek,
near the later McCarty Station (long since abandoned and demolished). The site was called Chickamauga Junction.
Chickamauga
Junction hosted Blockhouse No. 1 on the Western & Atlantic. Just one-third mile to the east, Blockhouse
No. 2 guarded the two bridges over the creek.
Blockhouse No. 3 stood at Chickamauga Station, across the road from the
modern airport. Another blockhouse stood
between the bridges in the Concord (now East Brainerd) area. Another covered the town of Graysville. One more covered the bridge at
Graysville. Still another covered the
bridge just above that.
Eventually
there were twenty-three blockhouses in all on the W&A line, all garrisoned
by troops from the District of the Etowah.
These included blockhouses at Tunnel Hill, Buzzard’s Roost, Tilton,
Dalton, Resaca, Cassville, Allatoona Creek, Acworth, Moon’s Station near Big
Shanty, and several others. In addition,
Fort Miller and Fort Hill stood in Dalton, Fort Wayne at Resaca, and Redoubt
Rowett, Star Fort, and Eastern Redoubt (together known as Fort Allatoona) guarding
the critical pass at Allatoona.
At
its maximum eastern limit, the Post of Chattanooga-District of the Etowah
covered the line of the East Tennessee &
Georgia Railroad to the left bank of the Hiwassee River at
Charleston. The line shared Blockhouse
Nos. 1 and 2 with the Western & Atlantic.
Its next was at Tyner Station. Another
blockhouse protected the station and bridge at Ooltewah. To the northeast at Cleveland were two
redoubts. A redoubt and two blockhouses
guarded the bridge at the town of Charleston across from Calhoun, the beginning
of the District of East Tennessee.
Those
are the Union fortifications in the District of the Etowah area. Now we can turn to the troops who garrisoned
them.
Commanding
officers for the Post of Chattanooga, Dept. of the Cumberland;
the District of
the Etowah, Dept. of the Cumberland; and
the Post of
Chattanooga, District of East Tennessee, Dept. of Tennessee
Brig. Gen. G. D. Wagner, CO, Post of
Chattanooga, Department of the Cumberland, 9 September-6 November 1863
Col. John G. Parkhurst, CO, Post of
Chattanooga, Department of the Cumberland, 6 November-29 December 1863
Col. Marion C. Taylor, CO, Post of
Chattanooga, Department of the Cumberland, 29 December 1863-13 February 1864
Maj. Gen. James B. Steedman, CO, Post of
Chattanooga, Department of the Cumberland, 13 February-15 June 1864; CO,
District of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, 15 June-29 November 1864
Maj. Gen. Thomas Meagher, acting CO,
District of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, 29 November 1864-5
January 1865
Maj. Gen. James B. Steedman, CO, District
of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, 5 January 1865-14 June 1865
Col. Alfred T. Smith, CO, District
of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, 14 June-20 June 1865
Col. J. F. Curtis, CO, Post of
Chattanooga, District of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, 20 June-4
July 1865
Maj. Gen. Alvan C. Gillem, CO, District
of East Tennessee, 4 July-December 1866
The
gap in Maj. Gen. Steedman’s command was due to his being in direct command the
Provisional Detachment of the District of the Etowah in the Nashville Campaign
against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under General John B. Hood.
His
temporary replacement in Chattanooga, Maj. Gen. Meagher, previously raised and
commanded the famous Irish Brigade.
Before
assignment to command the District of East Tennessee, Maj. Gen. Gillem, served
previously as executive officer to Maj. Gen. George Stoneman, who held the same
post under the Department of the Ohio then the Department of the Cumberland. Gillem also served as CO of the East
Tennessee Cavalry Division and Adjutant General of Tennessee.
ORDERS OF BATTLE
FOR THE POST OF CHATTANOOGA
AND THE DISTRICT
OF THE ETOWAH
Post of Chattanooga, Dept. of the Cumberland, 29 September
1863:
10th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
3rd Battalion, 3rd
Indiana Cavalry
15th Indiana
Infantry
40th Indiana
Infantry
57th Indiana
Infantry
87th Ohio
Infantry
110th Illinois
Infantry
Company B, 14th
Ohio Infantry
Post of Chattanooga, Dept. of the Cumberland, 30 November
1863:
Infantry
44th Indiana Infantry
15th Kentucky
Infantry
9th Michigan
Infantry
Pioneer Brigade
1st Battalion
2nd Battalion
3rd Battalion
Engineer Brigade
1st Michigan
Engineers and Mechanics
18th Michigan
Infantry
21st Michigan
Infantry
22nd Michigan
Infantry
18th Ohio
Infantry
Post of Chattanooga, Dept. of the Cumberland, 31 December
1863:
Infantry
10th Indiana
Infantry
44th Indian
Infantry
15th Kentucky
Infantry
Spear’s Brigade
3rd Tennessee
Infantry
5th Tennessee
Infantry
6th Tennessee
Infantry
Unassigned
39th Indiana Mounted
Infantry
28th Kentucky
Mounted Infantry
1st Michigan
Engineers
Post of Chattanooga, Dept. of the Cumberland, 31 January
1864:
Artillery
4th Battery ,
Indiana Light Artillery
8th Battery,
Indiana Light Artillery
11th Battery,
Indiana Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
20th Battery,
Ohio Light Artillery
Company C , 1st
Wisconsin Heavy Artillery
Infantry
10th Indiana
Infantry
15th Kentucky
Infantry
9th Michigan
Infantry
14th U. S.
Colored Troops
2nd Battalion,
15th U.S. Infantry
.
Pioneer Brigade.
1st Engineer
Battalion
2nd Engineer
Battalion
3rd Engineer
Battalion
Pontoon
Battalion
Engineer Brigade
1st Michigan
Engineers and Mechanics
18th Michigan
Infantry
21st Michigan
Infantry
22nd Michigan
Infantry
18th Ohio
Infantry
Post of Chattanooga, Dept. of the Cumberland, 30 April 1864:
First Separate Brigade
15th Indiana
Infantry
29th Indiana
Infantry
44th Indiana
Infantry
51st Indiana
Infantry
68th Indiana
Infantry
8th Kentucky
Infantry
3rd Ohio
Infantry
24th Ohio
Infantry
Garrison Artillery
4th Battery,
Indiana Light Artillery
8th Battery,
Indiana Light Artillery
10th Battery,
Indiana Light Artillery
11th Battery,
Indiana Light Artillery
Battery K, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery G, 1st
Missouri Light Artillery
20th Battery,
Ohio Light Artillery
Company C, 1st
Wisconsin Heavy Artillery
3rd Battery,
Wisconsin Light Artillery
Engineer Brigade
1st Michigan
Engineers and Mechanics
18th Michigan
Infantry
21st Michigan
Infantry
22nd Michigan
Infantry
18th Ohio
Infantry
Pioneer Brigade
1st Engineer
Battalion
2nd Engineer
Battalion
3rd Engineer
Battalion
Pontoon
Battalion
Unattached
58th Indiana
Infantry
9th Michigan
Infantry
14th U. S.
Colored Troops
16th U. S.
Colored Troops
Post of Chattanooga, Department of the Cumberland, 31 May
1864:
1st Separate Brigade, 2nd Division
15th Indiana
Infantry
29th Indiana
Infantry
44th Indiana
Infantry
51st Indiana
Infantry
68th Indiana
Infantry
8th Kentucky
Infantry
3rd Ohio
Infantry
24th Ohio
Infantry
Garrison Artillery
4th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
8th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
Battery A, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery K, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery G, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
20th Battery,
Ohio Light Artillery
Company C. 1st
Wisconsin Heavy Artillery
3rd Battery, 3rd
Wisconsin Light Artillery
Engineer Brigade, 2nd Division
1st Michigan
Engineers and Mechanics
18th Michigan
Infantry
21st Michigan
Infantry
22nd Michigan
Infantry
18th Ohio
Infantry
Pioneer Brigade, 2nd Division
1st Engineer
Battalion
2nd Engineer
Battalion
3rd Engineer
Battalion
Pontoon
Battalion
Unassigned Units
1st Ohio
Sharpshooters
14th U.S.
Colored Troops
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
Veteran Reserve Corps
Post of Chattanooga, 31 August 1864:
1st Separate Brigade, 2nd Division
29th Indiana
Infantry
44th Indiana
Infantry
51st Indiana
Infantry
68th Indiana
Infantry
8th Kentucky
Infantry
2nd Ohio
Infantry
Garrison Artillery
4th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
8th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
Battery A, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery K, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery G, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
2nd Independent
Battery, Minnesota Light Artillery
20th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
Company C. 1st
Wisconsin Heavy Artillery
3rd Independent
Battery, 3rd Wisconsin Light Artillery
Unassigned Units
1st U.S. Veteran
Engineers
10th Indiana
Battery
Battery G, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
6th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
14th U.S.
Colored Troops
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops (det. in Rome, Georgia)
1st Veteran
Engineers
Engineer Brigade, 2nd Division
1st Michigan
Engineers and Mechanics
18th Michigan
Infantry
21st Michigan
Infantry
22nd Michigan
Infantry
18th Ohio
Infantry
Pioneer Brigade, 2nd Division
1st Engineer
Battalion
2nd Engineer
Battalion
3rd Engineer
Battalion
Pontoon
Battalion
Post of Chattanooga, 30 September 1864
Volunteer Infantry, 2nd Division
29th Indiana
Infantry
44th Indiana
Infantry
51st Indiana
Infantry
68th Indiana
Infantry
8th Kentucky
Infantry
Regular Infantry, 2nd Division
(Garrison,
Lookout Mountain)
1st Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
2nd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
Detachment, 16th
U.S. Infantry
1st Battalion, 18th
U.S. Infantry
2nd Battalion, 18th
U.S. Infantry
1st Battalion, 19th
U.S. Infantry
Garrison Artillery
4th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
8th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
11th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
Battery A, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery K, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
2nd Independent
Battery, Minnesota Light Artillery
Battery G, 1st
Missouri Light Artillery
20th Battery,
Ohio Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
Company C, 1st
Wisconsin Heavy Artillery
3rd Independent
Battery, 3rd Wisconsin Light Artillery
Unassigned Units
10th Battery,
Indiana Light Artillery
58th Indiana
Infantry
1st Michigan
Engineers and Mechanics
13th Battery,
New York Light Artillery
Company B, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
Company G, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
1st Ohio
Sharpshooters
5th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
6th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
1st U.S. Veteran
Engineers
14th U.S.
Colored Troops
16th U.S. Colored
Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
Post of Chattanooga, 31 October 1864:
Volunteer Infantry, 2nd Division
29th Indiana
Infantry
44th Indiana
Infantry
68th Indiana
Infantry
8th Kentucky
Infantry
15th Wisconsin
Infantry
Regular Infantry, 2nd Division
(Garrison,
Lookout Mountain)
1st and 3rd
Battalions, 15th U.S. Infantry
2nd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
Detachment, 16th
U.S. Infantry
2nd Battalion, 18th
U.S. Infantry
1st Battalion, 19th
U.S. Infantry
Garrison Artillery
4th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
8th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
11th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
Battery A, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery K, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
2nd Independent
Battery, Minnesota Light Artillery
Company A,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Company B,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Battery G, 1st
Missouri Light Artillery
20th Battery,
Ohio Light Artillery
Battery G, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
Company C, 1st
Wisconsin Heavy Artillery
3rd Battery,
Wisconsin Light Artillery
Reserve Brigade, 2nd Division
9th Michigan
Infantry
22nd Michigan
Infantry
Signal Corps, 2nd Division
Unassigned Units
1st Illinois
Light Artillery
10th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
13th Independent
Battery, New York Light Artillery
Company B., 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
1st Ohio
Sharpshooters
5th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
6th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
1st U.S. Veteran
Engineers
14th U.S.
Colored Troops
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
Provisional Detachment, District of the Etowah, 29 November
1864:
Serving in the
Nashville Campaign thru 5 January 1865
1st Colored Brigade
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
17th U.S.
Colored Troops
18th U.S. Colored
Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
2nd Colored Brigade
1st Independent
Battery, Kansas Light Artillery
12th U.S.
Colored Troops
13th U.S.
Colored Troops
100th U.S.
Colored Troops
Cruft’s Provisional Division
20th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
6th Indiana
Cavalry, Dismounted
68th Indiana
Infantry
18th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
18th Ohio
Veteran Infantry
Elements of the 14th,
17th, and 20th Army Corps
Post of Chattanooga, District of the Etowah, 30 November
1864:
1st Brigade, 2nd Division
(Garrison,
Lookout Mountain)
2nd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
3rd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
16th U.S.
Infantry
2nd Battalion, 18th
U.S. Infantry
1st Battalion, 19th
U.S. Infantry
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division
29th Indiana
Infantry
32nd Indiana
Infantry
44th Indiana
Infantry
8th Kentucky
Infantry
15th Wisconsin
Infantry
Garrison Artillery
Battery M, 1st
Illinois Light Artillery
4th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
8th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
11th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
Battery A, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery K, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
2nd Battery,
Minnesota Light Artillery
Company A,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Company B,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Company C,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Battery G, 1st
Missouri Light Artillery
20th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
1st Independent
Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery
3rd Independent
Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery
Battery K, 5th
U.S. Artillery
Signal Corps, 2nd Division
Unassigned Units
10th Battery,
Indiana Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
1st Battalion,
Ohio Sharpshooters
5th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
6th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
1st U.S. Veteran
Engineers
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
Garrison, Lookout Mountain
Battery G, 1st
Missouri Light Artillery
Garrison, Bridgeport
Battery B, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
Reserve Brigade, 2nd Division
9th Michigan
Infantry
22nd Michigan Infantry
Post of Chattanooga District of the Etowah, 31 December
1864:
1st Brigade, 1st Separate Division
(Garrison,
Lookout Mountain)
2nd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
3rd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
16th U.S.
Infantry
2nd Battalion, 18th
U.S. Infantry
1st Battalion, 19th
U.S. Infantry
2nd Brigade, 1st Separate Division
29th Indiana
Infantry
32nd Indiana
Infantry
44th Indiana
Infantry
8th Kentucky
Infantry
15th Wisconsin
Infantry
Garrison Artillery
Battery M, 1st
Illinois Light Artillery
8th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
11th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
Battery A, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery K, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
2nd Battery,
Minnesota Light Artillery
Company A,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Company B,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Company C,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
2nd Independent
Battery, Minnesota Light Artillery
Battery G, 1st
Missouri Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
Company C,
Wisconsin Heavy Artillery
3rd Independent
Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery
Battery K, 5th
U.S. Artillery
Unassigned Units
65th New York
Infantry
5th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
6th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
42 U.S. Colored
Troops
Post of Chattanooga, District of the Etowah, 28 February
1865:
Although it did
not directly affect the District of the Etowah, the Department of the Ohio
merged into the Department of the Cumberland in January 1865.
1st Brigade, 1st Separate Division
(Garrison,
Lookout Mountain)
2nd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
3rd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
16th U.S.
Infantry
2nd Battalion, 18th
U.S. Infantry
1st Battalion, 19th
U.S. Infantry
Battery G, 1st
Missouri Light Artillery
2nd Brigade, 1st Separate Division
29th Indiana
Infantry
32nd Indiana
Infantry
44th Indiana
Infantry
68th Indiana
Infantry
18th Ohio
Veteran Infantry
1st Colored Brigade
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
18th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
2nd Colored Brigade
1st Independent
Battery, Kansas Light Artillery
12th U.S.
Colored Troops
13th U.S.
Colored Troops
100th U.S.
Colored Troops
Garrison Artillery
Battery M, 1st
Illinois Light Artillery
7th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
8th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
11th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
Battery A, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery K, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
2nd Independent
Battery, Minnesota Light Artillery
Company A,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Company B,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Company C,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
Company D,
Minnesota Heavy Artillery
2nd Battery,
Minnesota Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
20th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
Company C,
Wisconsin Heavy Artillery
Garrison, Bridgeport
68th New York
Infantry
Battery B, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
9th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
Battery M, 4th
U.S. Artillery
14th U.S.
Colored Troops
Unassigned Units
149th Illinois
Infantry
150th Illinois
Infantry
145th Indiana
Infantry
10th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
Battery E, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Detachment, 11th
Michigan Infantry
5th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
6th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
Post of Chattanooga, District of the Etowah, 30 April 1865:
1st Brigade, 1st Separate Division
(Garrison,
Lookout Mountain)
2nd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
3rd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
16th U.S.
Infantry
2nd Battalion, 18th
U.S. Infantry
1st Battalion, 19th
U.S. Infantry
Battery G, 1st
Missouri Light Artillery
2nd Brigade, 1st Separate Division
29th Indiana
Infantry
32nd Indiana
Infantry
44th Indiana
Infantry
68th Indiana
Infantry
18th Ohio
Veteran Infantry
1st Brigade, 2nd Separate Division
1st Georgia
Battalion
147th Illinois
Infantry
151st Illinois
Infantry
145th Indiana
Infantry
187th Ohio
Infantry
6th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
Battery I, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
2nd Brigade, 2nd Separate Division
149th Illinois
Infantry
150th Illinois
Infantry
68th New York
Infantry
185th Ohio
Infantry
3rd Brigade, 2nd Separate Division
156th Illinois
Infantry
11th Michigan
Infantry (Reorganized)
22nd Michigan
Infantry
1st Colored Brigade
14th U.S.
Colored Troops
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
18th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
2nd Colored Brigade
1st Independent
Battery, Kansas Light Artillery
12th U.S.
Colored Troops
13th U.S.
Colored Troops
100th U.S.
Colored Troops
Garrison Artillery
1st Minnesota
Heavy Artillery
20th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
Unbrigaded Units
184th Ohio
Infantry
5th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
Garrison, Bridgeport
Battery B, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
9th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
Battery F, 2d
United States Artillery
Battery M, 4th
United States Artillery
Garrison, Cleveland, Tennessee
Battery M, 1st
Illinois Light Artillery
Light Artillery Reserve
Battery A, 1st
Illinois Light Artillery
Battery E, 1st
Illinois Light Artillery
13th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
20th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
1st Independent
Battery, Kansas Light Artillery
Battery A, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery H, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery E, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
12th Battery,
Ohio Light Artillery
18th Battery,
Ohio Light Artillery
Battery K, 5th
United States Artillery
6th Battery,
Wisconsin Light Artillery
Signal Corps
Post of Chattanooga, District of East Tennessee, 4 July
1865:
In late June,
the Department of the Cumberland was dissolved and its units transferred to the
Department of the Tennessee. The
District of the Etowah was merged into the District of East Tennessee, originally
of the Department of the Ohio.
Headquarters for the District of East Tennessee in the new Department of
Tennessee as of this date were moved to Chattanooga.
1st Brigade, 1st Separate Division
(Garrison,
Lookout Mountain)
2nd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
3rd Battalion, 15th
U.S. Infantry
16th U.S.
Infantry
1st Battalion, 19th
U.S. Infantry
Battery G, 1st
Missouri Light Artillery
2nd Brigade, 1st Separate Division
44th Indiana
Infantry
68th Indiana
Infantry
18th Ohio
Veteran Infantry
186th Ohio
Infantry
2nd Battalion, 18th
U.S. Infantry
1st Brigade, 2nd Separate Division
1st Georgia
Battalion
147th Illinois
Infantry
151st Illinois
Infantry
187th Ohio
Infantry
2nd Brigade, 2nd Separate Division
149th Illinois
Infantry
150th Illinois
Infantry
29th Indiana
Infantry
3rd Brigade, 2nd Separate Division
156th Illinois
Infantry
1st Colored Brigade
14th U.S.
Colored Troops
18th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
2nd Colored Brigade
1st Independent
Battery, Kansas Light Artillery
12th U.S.
Colored Troops
13th U.S.
Colored Troops
100th U.S.
Colored Troops
Garrison Artillery, Chattanooga
13th Independent
Battery, Indiana Light Artillery
Battery A, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery H, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
1st Minnesota
Heavy Artillery
20th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
Light Artillery Reserve
Battery A, 1st
Illinois Light Artillery
Battery E, 1st
Illinois Light Artillery
Battery I, 1st
Michigan Light Artillery
Battery K, 5th
U.S. Artillery
6th Independent
Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery
Garrison, Bridgeport
Battery B, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
9th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
12th Independent
Battery, Ohio Light Artillery
184th Ohio
Infantry
Battery M, 4th
United States Artillery
Garrison, Cleveland, Tennessee
Battery M, 1st
Illinois Light Artillery
Unassigned
Battery E, 1st
Ohio Light Artillery
5th Tennessee
Mounted Infantry
Battery F, 2nd
U.S. Artillery
Post of Chattanooga, District of East Tennessee, 20 July
1865:
At the beginning
of August, the Department of the Tennessee too was dissolved, most of its units
transferring to the new Department of Tennessee but many to the
Department of Georgia. Both belonged to
the new Military Division of the Tennessee.
2nd Brigade, 4th Division
44th Indiana
Infantry
186th Ohio
Infantry
11th Michigan
Infantry
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
18th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
Garrison Artillery
1st Minnesota
Heavy Artillery
Battery K, 5th
U.S. Artillery
Garrison, Bridgeport
Battery M, 4th
U.S. Artillery
Unassigned
Battery F, 2nd
U.S. Artillery
14th U.S.
Colored Troops
Transferred to Department of Georgia
147th Illinois
Infantry
149th Illinois
Infantry
150th Illinois
Infantry
151st Illinois
Infantry
156th Illinois
Infantry
29th Indiana
Infantry
145th Indiana
Infantry
187th Ohio
Infantry
Post of Chattanooga, District of East Tennessee, 1 October
1865:
2nd Brigade, 4th Division
44th Indiana
Infantry
186th Ohio
Infantry
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
18th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
Garrison Artillery
1st Minnesota
Heavy Artillery
Battery K, 5th
U.S. Artillery
Garrison, Bridgeport
Battery M, 4th
U.S. Artillery
Unassigned
Battery F, 2nd
U.S. Artillery
14th U.S.
Colored Troops
Post of Chattanooga, District of East Tennessee, 1 January
1866:
2nd Brigade, 4th Division
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
18th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
Post of Chattanooga, District of East Tennessee, 1 February
1866:
2nd Brigade, 4th Division
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
42nd U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
Post of Chattanooga, District of East Tennessee, 1 March
1866:
These last two
units mustered out in April.
2nd Brigade, 4th Division
16th U.S.
Colored Troops
44th U.S.
Colored Troops
Post of Chattanooga, Subdistrict of Tennessee, 13 August 1866:
A new Department
of the Tennessee began on this date, and the Post of Chattanooga fell into this
Subdistrict. Though there were no field
units assigned, the official occupation lasted through December.
Chattanooga’s navy
The Union garrison at Chattanooga had
its own brown water navy.
The U.S.S. Chattanooga was a steamer built in Bridgeport with which to open
the Cracker Line to the besieged Army of the Cumberland in the town in autumn
1863. Two other steamers involved in the
supply operations were the U.S.S. Dunbar
and the U.S.S. Paint Rock, originally
Confederate boats sunk during Wilder’s bombardment of Chattanooga 7-8 June
1862.
Other steamers built specifically for
Cracker Line operations were the U.S.S. Chickamauga,
U.S.S. Kingston, U.S.S. Bridgeport, U.S.S. Missionary, U.S.S. Wauhatchie,
U.S.S. Resaca, and U.S.S. Stone River. Union engineers also raised and relaunched
three more former Confederate boats, the U.S.S. James Glover, U.S.S. Holston,
and U.S.S. Tennessee, which had been
scuttled by Forrest’s troops. After the siege lifted following the Battle of
Missionary Ridge, these boats, cargo steamers rather than gun boats, remained
on station serving the needs of the garrison, with the exception of the Stone River.
After the launch of the Atlanta
Campaign from the town on 2 May 1864, the engineers remaining at the Post of
Chattanooga constructed four “tinclads”, light-weight armored gunboats intended
for river service. Named the U.S.S. General Grant, U.S.S. General Sherman, U.S.S. General Thomas, and U.S.S. General
Burnside, they officially launched from Chattanooga as the Union’s Upper
Tennessee River fleet. A short time
later, joined by the refitted U.S.S. Stone
River as the little fleet’s flagship, they took up station on the river
between Bridgeport and Muscle Shoals, based out of the former and officially
designated the 11th District of the Mississippi Squadron.
Sources:
Armstrong, Zella. The History
of Hamilton County and Chattanooga, Tennessee, Volume II.
(Chattanooga: Lookout Publishing CO., 1940).
Dyer, Frederick. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. (Des Moines: Dyer Publishing Co., 1908).
Evans, E. Raymond. Contributions by United States Colored Troops (USCT) of Chattanooga & North Georgia during the American Civil War,
Reconstruction and formation of Chattanooga. (Rock Springs: Beverley Catherine Mitchell
Foster, 2003).
Powell, David
A. “Incubator of Innovation: The Army of
the Cumberland and the Spirit of Innovation in 1863”. Gateway
to the Confederacy: New Perspectives on the Chickamauga and Chattanooga
Campaigns, 1862-1863, Evan C. Jones
and Wiley Sword, ed. (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2014).
Scott, Lieut. Col. Robert N., ed. The War
of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and
Confederate Armies. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1891).
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