Indian Nations and Tribes of the Great Lakes in 1640

The following is Chapter X of the Jesuit Relation XL (1640), Fr. Joseph-Marie Chaumont to R. P. Philippe Nappi, the Superior of the Professed House to which he belonged.  It is taken from the English translation published in 1898 by Burrows Brothers Co., and lists several native tribes and bands which I have identified in parentheses and italics following the names of the original text.  While there had been warfare more or less continuously since 1570, and some movement, this was the usual small-scale frontier variety and nothing like the chaos and horror of the Beaver Wars.  This account provides a good snapshot of the Great Lakes tribes and where they were just before the Haudenosaunee overturned the apple cart.

I SHALL be at a loss to make known my thoughts in this Chapter, for my mind thinks more than it can express. Let us enumerate some of the nations partly adjacent to the banks of the great river, and then I will try to express my thoughts.

At the entrance to the great gulf of St. Lawrence, on the Northern shore, we find the Esquimaux (Eskimo) tribes, —very barbarous, and hostile to the Europeans, it is said; following the same Northern shore upwards we find the Chisedech (Naskapi subtribe) and Bersiamite (Naskapi subtribe) peoples; these are insignificant nations, of whom we know little, who have dealings with other inland tribes.  Then we find the Savages of Tadoussac (Innu subtribe), who have intercourse with the Porcupine nation (Kakouchaki), and through them with other Savages farther inland.  Continuing up the river we reach Kebec, and then the three Rivers.  The Savages who frequent these two settlements go to trade with the Attikamegues (Naskapi subtribe), and these with three or four other small nations which are North of their country.

When we reach the first rapid found in the great river St. Lawrence, which we call “sault saint Louis,” we come to another stream called the “River des Prairies.”  This river is thus named because when a certain Frenchman named des Prairies, charged with piloting a bark to the sault St. Louis, came to this junction or meeting of these two rivers, instead of coasting along the Southern shore, where the sault saint Louis is, he turned to the North, towards the other river which as yet had no French name, and which, since that time, has been called the “River des Prairies.”

Going up this river, then, we find the Ouaouechkaїrini (Weskarini), which we call the “petite nation” of the Algonquins.  Going still farther up the river we find the Kichesipirini (actual name), the Savages of the Island, who have adjacent to them, in the territory to the North, the Kotakoutouemi (Outaoukotwemiwek).  To the South of the Island are the Kinounchepirini (Keinouche band of the Ottawa), the Mataouchkarini (Matawachkarini, an Algonkin subtribe), the Ountchatarounounga (Ononchataronon*), the Sagahiganirini (Algonkin subtribe), the Sagnitaouigama (Algonkin subtribe), and then the Hurons, who are at the entrance to the fresh-water sea.

[*The Ononchataron, an Algonkin subtribe, claimed to be the original inhabitants of Montreal Island expelled by the Huron.]

These last six nations are between the river saint Lawrence and the River des Prairies. Leaving the River des Prairies when it turns directly to the North, that we may go to the Southwest, we come to Lake Nipisin, where the Nipisiriniens (Nipissing) are found.  These have upon their North the Timiscimi (Timiscaming, Algonkin subtribe), the Outimagami (Anishinaabe group), the Ouachegami (Ojibwe subgroup), the Mitchitamou (Mistassini, a band of Cree), the Outurbi (Ojibwe subgroup), the Kiristinon (Cree), who live on the shores of the North sea whither the Nipisiriniens go to trade.  Let us return now to the fresh-water sea.  This sea is nothing but a large Lake which, becoming narrower in the West, or the West Northwest, forms another smaller Lake, which then begins to enlarge into another great Lake or second fresh-water sea.  Such are the nations that border these great Lakes or seas of the North.

I have said that at the entrance to the first of these Lakes we find the Hurons.  Leaving them, to sail farther up in the lake, we find on the North the Ouasouarini (Ojibwe subgroup); farther up are the Outchougai (Ojibwe subgroup), and still farther up, at the mouth of the river which comes from Lake Nipisin, are the Atchiligouan (Ojibwe subgroup).  Beyond, upon the same shores of this fresh-water sea, are the Amikouai (Amika*, ‘Beaver People’, an Anishnaabeg group), or the nation of the Beaver.  To the South of these is an Island in this fresh-water sea about thirty leagues long, inhabited by the Outaouan (Ottawa); these are people who have come from the nation of the raised hair.  After the Amikouai, upon the same shores of the great lake, are the Oumisagai (Mississagua), whom we pass while proceeding to Baouichtigouian (an Ojibwe village) —that is to say, to the nation of the people of the Sault, for, in fact, there is a Rapid, which rushes at this point into the fresh-water sea.

Beyond this rapid we find the little lake, upon the shores of which, to the North, are the Roquai (Noquet, a Menominee subbgroup).  To the North of these are the Mantoue (Makoukuwe, a band of the Fox), people who navigate very little, living upon the fruits of the earth.  Passing this smaller lake, we enter the second fresh-water sea, upon the shores of which are the Maroumine (Menominee); and still farther, upon the same banks, dwell the Ouinipigou (Winnebago), a sedentary people, who are very numerous; some of the French call them the “Nation of Stinkards,” because the Algonquin word “ouinipeg” signifies “bad-smelling water,” and they apply this name to the water of the salt sea, —so that these peoples are called Ouinipigou because they come from the shores of a sea about which we have no knowledge; and hence they ought not to be called the nation of Stinkards, but the nation of the sea.

In the neighborhood of this nation are the Naduesiu (Sioux), the Assinipour (Assinibion), the Eriniouai (Illinois), the Rasaouakoueton (Mascouten), and the Pouutouatami (Potawatami).  These are the names of a part of the nations which are beyond the shores of the great river saint Lawrence and of the great lakes of the Hurons on the North.  I will now visit the Southern shores.  I will say, by the way, that sieur Nicolet, interpreter of the Algonquin and: Huron languages for the Gentlemen of new France,. has given me the names of these nations, which he himself has visited, for the most part in their own country.  All these peoples understand Algonquin, except the Hurons, who have a language of their own, as also have the Ouinipigou, or people of the sea.  We have been told this year that an Algonquin, journeying beyond these peoples, encountered nations extremely populous.  “I saw them assembled,” said he, “as if at a fair, buying and selling, in numbers so great that they could not be counted;” it conveyed an idea of the cities of Europe.  I do not know what there is in this. Let us now visit the Southern coast of the great river St. Lawrence.

From its mouth up to the sault St. Louis are to be found the Savages of Cape Breton.  The Souricois (Mikmak) are farther inland; we also meet the Savages of Miscou and Gaspé; between the shores of the Acadian sea and the great river are the Etechemins (Maliseet), the Pentagouetch (Penobscot), the Abnaquiois (Abenaki), the Nahiganiouetch (Mahican), and a few other nations, but they are all very small. 

Continuing to ascend this great river from the sault St. Louis, we find to the South very flourishing nations, all sedentary and very numerous, — such as the Agneehrono (Mohawk), the Oneiochronon (Oneida), the Onontaehronon (Onondaga), the Konkhandeenhronon (Chonkande*), the Oniouenhronon (Cayuga), the Andastoehronon (Andaste), the Sonontouehronon (Seneca), the Andoouanchronon (Ataronchronon**, a Huron subtribe), the Kontareahronon (Huron subtribe), the Ouendat (the Wendat/Huron proper), the Khionontatehronon (Petun, or Tionantati), the Oherokouaehronon (Neutral subtribe), the Aondironon (Neutral subtribe), the Ongmarahronon (Onguiarahronon, or Niagara, a Neutral subtribe), the Akhrakuaeronon (Atra’kwae***), the Oneronon (Wenro), the Ehressaronon (Aouechissaronon, later n. of Lake Erie), the Attiouendaronk (Chonnonton), the Eriehronon (Erie), the Totontaratonhronon (‘Otter People’, band of Algonkin****), the Ahriottaehronon (Ariatoeronon  later n. of Lake Erie), the Oscouarahronon (*****Pawichtigouek; an Ojibwe group), the Huattoehronon (Sauk), the Skenchiohronon (Fox), the Attistaehronon (Potawatami), the Ontarahronon (Kickapoo), the Aoueatsiouaenhronon (Winnebago), the Attochingochronon (band of Ojibwe), the Attiouendarankhronon (Neutrals).

[*The anonymous map of “Nouvelle France” of 1641 places these people among the Algonquian tribes north of the St. Lawrence River.]

[**These ‘God People’ of Christian Algonquian-speaking natives were primarily the Weskarini band of Algonkin who sought refuge with the Huron from the Haudenosaunee and became the fifth member of their confederacy.]

[***Denominated as “Akhrakvaetonon” on the anonymous map of 1641 of “Nouvelle France”, these are probably the same as the Kahkwa of Seneca legend and an Erie subgroup.]

[****Later sought refuge with the Huron and became part of the Ataronchronon subtribe.]

[*****Also Pagittoecii, Skiaeronon, and Passinaouek]

All these nations are sedentary, as I have already said.  They cultivate the land, and consequently are very populous. I have taken their names from a Huron map that Father Paul Ragueneau sent me. There is no doubt that these peoples are at the North of Virginia, Florida, and perhaps even new Mexico. Here is a glorious field for Gospel laborers, and well strewn with Crosses.  The greater part of these tribes understand the Huron language.

(Anonymous map of 'Nouvelle France' 1641)

The Way of The Force

In honor of the release of Star Wars: The Force Awakens, I am rewriting some of the material I have posted recently, substituting “The Force” for previously used appellations.

* * * * *

The Force permeates the Universe and everything in it, energizing all that is and shaping the flow of its manifestation.  It is the source of spacetime, which is the matrix, and of energy, from which come matter and life.

* * * * *

The Force is beyond personhood, beyond being, beyond description, beyond effability.  It is a paradox; perpetual yet ever-changing, transcendent yet immanent, metacosmic yet omnipresent, eternal yet omnitemporal, everything yet nothing.

* * * * *

The Force is One.  It is neither male nor female.  It emanates both light and dark, good and evil, order and chaos, yin and yang, life and death, integrity and entropy, creation and destruction.   It does not reward good deeds or punish ill, nor exact karmic retribution for imperfection.  It does not take sides; there is no Anointed One, no Chosen People, no Exceptional Nation, no Elect Species; not on Terra, not in the Milky Way, not in the entire Universe.

* * * * *

The Force animates without claiming possession; bolsters without requiring gratitude; stewards without exercising authority.  It does not demand our submission, obedience, penitence, worship, adoration, praise, prayer, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, benediction, love, respect, or even belief.

* * * * *

* * * * *

The title here, “The Way of The Force” is a pun.  One of the books in the Extended Universe has suggests that in the early days of the awareness of The Force, those studying it called in The Way, which is the literal English translation of ‘The Dao’.  As described in patches here and there throughout the films and the Extended Universe, The Force is a combination of The Dao, or The Way, and Native American concepts such as the Orenda of the Iroquoian peoples, the Manitou of the Algonquian peoples, and the Wakenda of the Siouan peoples.

My favorite Carl Sagan quote

"In some respects, science has far surpassed religion in delivering awe.  

"How is it that hardly any major religion has looked at science and concluded, ‘This is better than we thought!  The Universe is much bigger than our prophets said, grander, more subtle, more elegant?’  Instead they say, ‘No, no, no!  My god is a little god, and I want him to stay that way.’   

"A religion, old or new, that stressed the magnificence of the Universe as revealed by modern science might be able to draw forth reserves of reverence and awe hardly tapped by the conventional faiths."

– Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space

There are no gods, such as Humans or other sapient races have created in their own image; any such being is far too small for the actual Universe.

Which brings me to my second favorite quote of Sagan's.

Kampampangan deities

Once the lands of the Kapampangan people spread across Pampanga, southern Tarlac, half of Zambales, Bataan, most of Nueva Ecija, part of Bulcan, and northern Rizal down to the north bank of the Pasig River. 

The kingdom of Tondok, ruled by Lakan Dula at the time of the Spanish Conquest, was Kapampangan; it was called Luzon by the Chinese.  Its seat was at the location of the current district of Tondo in Manila.  North to south, the authority of its lakans or rajahs at that time extended from southern Central Luzon to the southern tip of Bicol; its later northern territories were then rule by the Chinese-influenced Huangdom of Pangasinan.

Its Sultanate of Brunei-sponsored rival, the Tagalog kingdom of Seludong or May-nila, sat across the river, with its seat at the later, and current, Intramuros. 

The kingdom of Namayan immediately south of Seludong between Manila and Laguna Bays formed from a confederation of Tagalog barangays.

Nu – The transcendant and immanent force which permeates all things.  Yes, the ancient Kapampangans believed in something corresponding to The Force.  They were not the only ones; the Chinese, to cite just one example, have the Dao.

Mangacha – the Great Elder who created the heavens, was a transcendent deity with no gender

Apung/Aring Sinukwan/Suku – the god of the sun, war, and death represented by Mt. Arayat; also called Bondok Alaya; Apo Apang); he taught humans metallurgy, wood-cutting, and war.

Apung Malyari – the goddess of the moon represented by Mt. Pinatubo; also called Apo Namalyari

Apung Iru – the god of the eight rivers in the form of the giant crocodile of the Pasig River, the entire length of which once belonged to the Kapampangans

Munag Sumala – the goddess of the dawn in the form of the golden serpent

Tala – the god of the morning star; son of Munag Sumala, and bringer of wet rice culture

Lakandanup – the god of gluttony represented by the noontime sun; son of Sinukwan and twin of Gatpunapun

Gatpunapun – the god of pleasure represented by the afternoon sun; son of Sinukwan and twin of Lakandanup

Sisilim – the goddess of dusk; daughter of Apung Malyari

Galura – the winged assistant of Sinukwan and the bringer of storms

Bacobaco – fire-breathing god of the sea

Naga – protective spirits in the form of serpents

To the Aeta, who descend from the original inhabitants of the Kampampangan region, Mt. Arayat was and is still Apu Apang and Mt.Pinatubo was and is still Apu Na.

A Case for Cosmic Unbelief

From a cosmic perspective, the future has already happened, and the past is yet to be, and the moment where we are now is the beginning, and the end, and every moment in between.

* * * * *

On Planet Terra (Earth) of the Solar Planetary System in Orion’s Spur of the Milky Way Galaxy in the Local Galaxy Group of the Virgo Cluster in the Laniakea Supercluster, Jews believe that Yahuweh speaks Hebrew, Muslims that Allah speaks Arabic, American evangelical Christians that Almighty God speaks Elizabethan English, Roman Catholics that Dominus Dei speaks Latin, Eastern Orthodox that Kyrios speaks Greek, Hindus that Brahman speaks Sanskrit, Zoroastrians that Ormazd speaks Avestan, Buddhists that Adibuddha speaks Pali, Shintoists that Amaterasu speaks Japanese, and religious Daoists that Tai Di speaks Mandarin Chinese.  Each of these groups, and each subgroup and splinter and cult and sect within each of them, believes they are the Chosen People from which will come the Anointed One to assert their rightful dominion over all Creation for all Eternity.  That belief is absurd.

* * * * *

A single member of the Homo sapiens sapiens race (subspecies) is, on average, 664 billionths (0.000000000664 or 6.64 x 10^-11) km³ in volume, with an average lifespan of 67.2 years.  There are currently 7.3 billion (10⁹) individuals of that race on Terra.

Terra is 1.12 trillion (10¹²) km³ by 4.54 billion years.  It rotates on its axis at a speed of 1674.4 km/h while hurtling through space revolving around Sol at 108 thousand (10³) km/h.

Sol, our star, is 1.4 quintillion (10¹⁸) km³ by 4.56 billion years.  The Solar Planetary System is 1.7 duodecillion (10³⁹) km³ by the same 4.56 billion years.

The Milky Way Galaxy is 8 sedecillion (10⁵¹) km³ by 13.2 billion years.  Of its 200 billion stars, 40 billion support Class-M planets, with 8-10 billion of these hosting life-forms analogous to Humans, making some 61.6 quintillion (10¹⁸) sapient beings in our galaxy.

There are 500 billion galaxies hosting 30.8 nonillion (10³⁰) sapient beings across the Universe.

The Universe is 213 duovigintillion (10⁶⁹) km³ by 13.8 billion years.  It is expanding outward at a rate increased by the like-polarity of the electromagnetic fields of different galaxy groups.

Our Universe is just one of innumerable such cosmic bodies making up the Omniverse (aka Multiverse), and is currently the only one we can measure.

* * * * *

The Universe is formed of a single matrix called spacetime. 

Everything in the Universe not of the matrix of spacetime is composed of energy.  Energy can be neither created nor destroyed but only change forms.  All matter that exists is but alternate forms of energy. 

Spacetime and energy are thus the fundamental building blocks of the Universe and everything in it, the emanations from which all that is evolves.

There are four basic dimensions—height, length, width, time—which define the point in the spacetime matrix at which we are at any given moment.  Energy flows to and from that single point in spacetime—forward and backward, up and down, left and right, past and future—along each of these dimensions.

The force of gravity provides the cohesion for the Universe in a relationship with the dimension of time that is correlative if not causal.  Without gravity, there would be no time; without time, there would be no gravity.

* * * * *

Life is a function of energy, of thermodynamics.  Given appropriate conditions, life is inevitable, because energy in the form of matter will spontaneously self-organize through abiogenesis.

Once manifest, life evolves into more complex forms which themselves evolve further, with those most adaptable being the best able to survive, reproduce, and flourish.

Life has existed on Terra for 4.1 billion years, and in the Universe since 10-17 million years after the Big Bang.

The essence of life is change and evolution, growth and decay.  For individual organisms, birth and death define the boundaries of life.  Without death, life has no meaning.

Whether or not there is another form of existence once the organic shell has been shed in death and life on this plane ends does not matter; Humans debating those questions are like fetuses discussing questions on life after birth.

* * * * *

The H. sapiens sapiens race is currently 30 thousand (10³) years old.  The H. sapiens species has been around 200 thousand years.  The Homo genus has existed 2.8 million (10⁶) years.  The three other known races of the species H. sapiens and the six other known species of the genus Homo are extinct, leaving just the One Human Race. 

In 5 million years, the H. sapiens sapiens race, and along with it the H. sapiens species and the Homo genus,, will be extinct due to degradation of the Y-chromosome, if we have not already destroyed ourselves and/or our biosphere or suffered a mass extinction.

In 800 million years, multi-cellular lifeforms will have vanished from Terra.

In 1.3 billion years, eukaryotes will be extinct and life on Terra reduced to prokaryotes due to CO² starvation caused by chemical disruption from Sol’s increasing luminescence.

In 2.4 billion years, the Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy will collide and merge into one Milkomeda Galaxy, altering the structure of everything in them, though most stars and planetary systems will remain intact.

In 5.4 billion years, Sol will enter its red giant phase, incinerating Mercury, Venus, and possibly Terra, destroying any remaining life on Terra if not.  The habitable zone will move out to Mars, and Saturn’s moon Titan may become habitable.

In 8 billion years, Sol will collapse into a white dwarf, expelling half its mass into the interstellar medium, making elements available for nucleosynthesis and forming an emission nebula.  Any remaining planetary bodies will be stolen by passing stars, leaving the Solar Nebula.

In 14.4 billion years, Sol will be a totally dead black dwarf star.

The Universe will eventually end in the next Big Bounce (a Big Crunch facilitating another Big Bang) in 60 trillion years, dying so another can be born anew as it was formed before.*

All of this has happened before, and all of it will happen again, and again, and again.

(*Provided, that the End of the Universe is not a Big Freeze, a Big Rip, or a Big Crunch ending in a super massive black hole.)

* * * * *

There is no Divine Creator; any such being is far too small for the actual Universe.  In fact, there are no gods, such as Humans or other sapient races have created in their own image, at all. 

The Source of the Universe and of all that is in it, of spacetime and energy and life, is beyond personhood, beyond being, beyond description, beyond effability.

The Source was before Time, is now, and will remain after the end of Time.  Time begins and ends along with the Universe and its other three dimensions.

The Source has no name and no need of one, for there is nothing else Other from which to distinguish itself.

The Source is a paradox; perpetual yet ever-changing, transcendent yet immanent, metacosmic yet omnipresent, eternal yet omnitemporal, everything yet nothing.

The Source is One; neither male nor female, it emanates both light and dark, good and evil, order and chaos, yin and yang, life and death, integrity and entropy, creation and destruction.

The Source permeates the Universe, energizing all that is in it and shaping the flow of its manifestation. 

The Source animates without claiming possession; bolsters without requiring gratitude; stewards without exercising authority. 

The Source does not demand our submission, obedience, penitence, worship, adoration, praise, prayer, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, benediction, love, respect, or even belief.

The Source does not reward good deeds or punish ill, nor does it exact karmic retribution for imagined imperfection.

The Source favors none; there is no Anointed One, no Chosen People, no Exceptional Nation, no Elect Species; not on Terra, not in the Milky Way, not in the entire Universe.

The Source does not need us nor want anything from us; individual beings are too infinitesimal and ephemeral within the Universe for it to take much note.

* * * * *

To paraphrase sociologist Clifford Geertz, the One Human Race is a sapient animal species mired in a self-created web of significance called belief.  The same is probably true for every sapient species across the Universe, past, present, and future.

Do not worry about the future, for the future will take care of itself.  The only moment that matters is the now.  The only beings that matter are those that are here in the now.

Make a better life not just for yourself but for those around you, and, better yet, all those in your nation, and in the world, and in worlds around you when that time comes. 

Remember that Humans will be around for thousands and even millions of years, and that they and members of others species and lifeforms will need the planet too.

All lifeforms—floral and faunal—are sentient and deserve to be respected.  Do not take the life of any form except out of necessity.

Synthetic lifeforms, whether of organic or artificial make, deserve the same inherent rights as lifeforms that naturally occur, for the energy which animates them is the same, and if sapient, they deserve all the rights of natural sapient beings.

All lifeforms, floral, faunal, synthetic, exist in the same Universe that, no matter how vast, is ultimately as finite as they.

Love each other person as yourself, and do not do to another what you would not done to you.  Try to be happy.  That is all you need.

Belief…any and all belief…in anything…by anyone anywhere…is an illusion. 

The only way to really love, the only way to actually know, the only way to truly live, the only way to keep the faith, is to give up belief completely.  To unbelieve.

* * * * *

I am a Terran, a child of the Universe and a citizen of Earth.  The whole world is my home, and all its people my brothers, sisters, and cousins of the One Human Race, and of the sapient races and species across the Galaxy, and throughout the Universe.

Cosmic narcissistic hubris defined

On Planet Earth, a 1.12 trillion (12 zeroes) cubic kilometer ball with a sapient population of 7.3 billion (9 zeroes), in a galaxy 8 sedecillion (51 zeroes) cubic kilometers with 8-10 billion inhabited planets with a sapient population of 61.6 quintillion (18 zeroes), a Universe that is 213 duovigintillion (69 zeroes) cubic kilometers with a sapient population of 30.8 nonillion (30 zeroes), Jews believe that Yahuweh speaks Hebrew, Muslims that Allah speaks Arabic, American evangelical Christians that Almighty God speaks Elizabethan English, Roman Catholics that Dominus Dei speaks Latin, Eastern Orthodox that Kyrios speaks Greek, Hindus that Brahman speaks Sanskrit, Iranians that Khoda speaks Farsi, Zoroastrians that Ahura Mazda speaks Avestan, Buddhists that the Heavenly Buddha speaks Pali, Shintoists that Amaterasu speaks Japanese, and religious Daoists that Tai Di speaks Mandarin Chinese.  Each of these groups and the subgroups and splinters and cults and sects within them, believes they are the Chosen People from which will come the Anointed One to assert their rightful dominion over all Creation for all Time.  That belief is absurd.

Second Amendment revision recommended by retired Justice John Paul Stevens

From his book, Six Amendments: How and Why We Should Change the Constitution.

"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms when serving in the Militia, shall not be infringed."

Irish deities and their family connections

The following is a list of known deities of the ancient pre-Christian Irish, with as much as is known of the function and family connections.  It will be updated if there’s new info.

Following that list are three more, one of the mystic realms, one of the high kings of the Tuatha De Danaan, and one of the Treasures of Ireland.

Abarta, aka Giolla Decair (in human guise), a trickster deity, and in some tales the alter ego of Lugh Lamfada; associated with Fionn mac Cumhail

            Son of the ruler of Tir Tairngire

Abcann, dwarf poet and musician of the Tuatha De Danaan

Abhean mac Bec-Felmas, poet of Lugh Lamfada, harper of the Tuatha De Danaan

Achtland, mortal who married a man of the Tuatha De Danaan

Aesun, early god of a lost creation myth whose name means “to be”

Aillen mac Egobail, deity in Mag Mell, burned Tara every year at Samhain until the arrival of Fionn mac Cumhail

            Son of Egobal (Dagda)

            Brother of Aine and Fennen

Aine ni Egobail, goddess of summer, wealth, and sovereignty, midsummer

            Daughter of Egobal (Dagda)

            Sister of Aillen and Fennen

Airmid ni Dian Cecht, guardian of Dian Cecht’s secret well of healing

Sister of Miach, Etan, and Ochtriullach

Anann, aka The Morrigan, supreme goddess of war, goddess of fertility, cattle, and prosperity; Anann is her name, The Mor Rioghan, or “Great Queen”, is her title.  Sometimes portrayed as a trinity of Macha, Nemain, and Badb collectively as a single persona, other times these, along with Fea, are her companions of which she is first, making five in all.

            Daughter of Tuireann Delbaeth mac Ogma and Flidais Foltchain

            Mother, by Delbaeth, of Brian, Iuchar, and Iucharba

            Mother of Glon, Gaim, and Coscar

Aobh ni Bodb Dearg

            Wife of Lir (1st)

            Sister of Aoife

            Mother of Fionnuala, Aodh, Fiachra, Conn of the Hundred Battles

Aoi mac Ollamain, a god of poetry

Aoife ni Ard Greimme

            Wife of Lir (2nd)

            Sister of Scathach

Aodh (Aed) mac Lir and Aobh Bodb Dearg, prince of the Daoine Sidhe and a god of the underworld

            Brother of Fionnuala, Fiachra, and Conn

Ard Greimme, a solar deity

            Father of Scatach and Aoife

Arden mac Flidais, cultivator hero

Badb Catha ni Ernmas, goddess of fury and battle cries

Wife of Neit

Banba ni Fiacha and Ernmas, goddess of the sovereignty of Ireland

Wife of Ether Mac Cuill

Sister of Eriu and Fodhla

Be Chuille ni Flidais, sorceress

Bechuma of the Fair Skin,

            Wife of Eogan Inbhir

            Lover of Gaidiar mac Manannan

Be Teite mac Flidais, cultivator hero

Beag, goddess of magic wells

Bebhinn, goddess of childbirth, goddess of the underworld

Sister of Boann

Bechuma of the Fair Skin, wife of Eogan Inbir

Beothach mac Iarbonel, progenitor of the Tuatha De Danaan

Birog, a druidess of the Tuatha de Danaan

Boann, goddess of the sovereignty of Leinster

            Wife of Nechtan

            Sister of Bebhinn

Bodb Dearg mac Dagda, 9th High King, king of the Sidhe of Munster

            Father of Aobh

Brea, minor god of the Tuatha de Danaan

Bres of the Fomorians, 2nd High King

            Son of Elatha of the Fomorians and Eriu ni Delbaeth

            Husband of Brigid and father of Ruadhan

Brian mac Tuireann and Danand ni Tuireann, a god of war & fertility

            Brother of Iuchar and Iucharba

Brigid ni Dagda, goddess of poetry, smithing, medicine, arts and crafts, cattle and other livestock, spring, and fire

            One of the trinities, Maiden-Mother-Crone, all named Brigid

            Wife of Bres of the Fomorians

            Mother of Ruadan

            Mother of Creidne, Luchtaine, and Giobhniu by Delbaeth mac Ogma

Bui ni Ruadri, wife of Lugh Lamfada

            Sister of Nas

Caer Ibormeith ni Ethal

            Wife of Oengus mac Ogma

            Foster mother of Diarmuid Ua Duibhne

Cailleach Beara, goddess of the sovereignty of Mumhan

Cairbre mac Ogma, satirist of the Tuatha de Danaan

Ce, ard druid of the Tuatha de Danaan

Cermait mac Dagda

            Father of Ethur Mac Cuill, Tether Mac Cecht, and Cether Mac Greinne

Cethe mac Dian Cecht

            Brother of Cian and Cethe

Cether Mac Greinne, joint 8th High King

            Husband of Eriu

Cian Scal Balb mac Dian Cecht, killed by the sons of Tuireann

            Husband of Ethniu

            Father of Lugh Lamfada

            Brother of Cu and Cethe

Cliodhna, goddess of beauty and the Otherworld, queen of the beansidhes of Deis Mumha

Conn mac Lir and Aobh Bodb Dearg, aka Conn of the Hundred Battles

            Brother of Fionnuala, Aodh, and Fiachra

Corchen, a snake goddess

Coscar, son of Ernmas

Creide, fairy queen of the Danu’s Mountains, or Paps of Anu

            Wife of Coll of the Fianna

Creidhe mac Delbaeth and Brigid ni Dagda, the goldsmith

            Brother of Luchtaine and Giobhniu

Crobh Dearg, goddess of the harvest

Crom Cruach, very ancient solar and fertility god

Cu mac Dian Cecht

            Brother of Cian and Cethe

Dagda mac Elatha and Ethniu, aka Eochaidh Ollathair, Egobal, Ruad Rofthesa, Samildanach, Cera, Fer Benn, Easal, Crom Eocha, and Ebron, 5th High King

            Brother of Ogma and Lir

            Father of Brigid, Bodb Dearg, Midir, Aine, Cermait, and Aillen

Danu, Mother Goddess of all the Irish deities

Delbaeth (see Tuireann)

Dian Cecht, the healer, god of medicine

            Father of Cian, Cu, and Cethe

            Father of Miach, Airmed, Etan, and Ochtriullach

Dianann ni Flidais, sorceress

Diarmuid ua Duibhne

            Foster son of Oengus Og

            Husband of Greinne

Donn (Duibhne) Firinne, lord of the dead, king of Cnoc Firinne (Knockfierna, Co. Limerick), father of the Irish race

            Father of Diarmuid Ua Duibhne

Ecne mac Brian, Iuchar, and Iucharba, god of wisdom

Egobail (see Dagda)

Elcmar, chief steward for the Dagda

Eochaid mac Etarlam

            Father of Nuada

Eogan Inbir

            Husband of Bechuma of the Fair Skin

Ernmas, mother goddess

            Daughter of Etarlam son of Nuada

            Mother by Delbaeth mac Ogma of Fiacha, Indui, and Ollum

            Mother by Delbaeth of Badb, Macha, and Nemain (Morrigan)

            Mother by her son Fiacha of Eriu, Banba, and Fodhla

            Mother by Neto son of Indui of Glon, Gnim, and Coscar

Eriu ni Fiacha and Ernmas, goddess of the sovereignty of Ireland

            Wife of Cether Mac Greinne

            Sister of Banba and Fodhla

Etan mac Dian Cecht, poet

            Brother of Miach, Airmed, and Ochtriullach

Etarlam mac Nuada

            Husband of Ernmas

Ethal Anbuail, king of Sidhe Uamuin in Connachta

Ethniu ni Balor of the Formorians

Ethur Mac Cuill, joint 8th High King, husband of Banba

Fand ni Flidais, sea goddess

            Wife of Manannan

            Sister of Li Ban and Oengus

Fea ni Elcmar, goddess of hate, a war deity

            Wife of Nuada

Fennen mac Egobail

            Brother of Aillean and Aine

Fiacha mac Delbaeth, 7th High King

Father by his mother Ernmas of Eriu, Banba, and Fodhla

Fiachra mac Lir and and Aobh Bodb Dearg

            Brother of Fionnuala, Aodh, and Conn

Finvarra, high king of the Daoine Sidhe, king of the Daoine Sidhe of Connacht, of the Tuatha De Danaan of Connacht, and of the Dead, ruling from Knockma near Tuam in Co. Galway

            Husband of Uonaidh

Fionnuala ni Lir and Aoibh

            Sister of Aodh, Fiachra, and Conn

Fleachta, a moon goddess

Flidais Foltchain, shapeshifter, goddess of wild animals, woodlands, fertility

            Wife of Adamair the Ard-ri

            Mother of sons Arden and daughters Be Chuille and Danand

            Mother of Nia Segamain

Fodhla ni Fiacha and Ernmas, goddess of the sovereignty of Ireland

            Wife of Tether Mac Cecht

            Sister of Banba and Eriu

Fuamnach ni Beothach, witch, 1st wife of Midir

Gaidiar mac Manannan, a sea deity

            Lover of Bechuma of the Fair Skin

Glon, son of Ermmas

Gnim, son of Ernmas

Goibhniu mac Delbaeth and Brigid ni Dagda, the iron smith

            Brother of Creidne and Luchtaine

Grian, goddess of the sun

Iuchar mac Tuireann and Danand ni Tuireann, a god of war & fertility

            Brother of Brian and Iucharba

Iucharba mac Tuireann and Danand ni Tuireann, a god of war & fertility

            Brother of Iuchar and Brian

Labraid Luathlám ar Claideb, king of Mag Mell (one of the afterlifes)

            Husband to Li Ban ni Flidais

Len mac Ban Bolgach mac Bannach, craftsman of the sidhe of Bodb Dearg

Li Ban ni Flidais

            Wife of Labraid Luathlám ar Claideb

            Sister of Fand

Lir mac Dagda, sea god

            Husband of Aobh ni Bodb Dearg (1) and Aoife ni Ard Greimme (2)

            Father of Manannan, Fionnuala, Aodh, Fiachra, Conn of the Hundred Battles

Luchtaine mac Delbaeth and Brigid ni Dagda, the carpenter

            Brother of Creidne and Giobhniu

Lugh Lamfada mac Cian and Ethniu, aka Gilla Macair (in human form), 4th High King, god of arts and sciences

            Husband of Bui ni Ruadri (1) and Nas ni Ruadri (2)

            Father of Ibic and Ebliu

Macha ni Ernmas, war goddess of horses and of the sovereignty of Ulaidh

Manannan mac Lir, aka Orbsen Mac Alloid (in human form), 10th High King, god of the sea, drowned in Loch Orbsen/Corrib by Uillin ua Nuada

Medb, goddess of intoxication and of the sovereignty of Ol nEchmacht/Connacht

Medb Lethderg, goddess of the sovereignty of Tara

Miach mac Dian Cecht, physician god

            Brother of Airmed, Etan, and Ochtriullach

Midir mac Dagda

            Husband of Fuamach

Muireartach, sea battle goddess

Murigen, a lake goddess

Nas ni Ruadri

            Wife of Lugh Lamfada

            Sister of Bui

            Mother of Ibic and Ebliu

Nechtan

            Husband of Boann

Neit mac Indu

            Husbandof Badb

Nemain, goddess of the frenzied havoc of war

            Wife of Neit

Niamh ni Manannan and Fand, queen of Tir-nan-Og

            Lover of Oisin

Nuada Airgeatlamh mac Eochaid, 1st and 3rd High King

            Husband of Fea ni Elcmar

            Father of Etarlam

Ochtriullach mac Dian Cecht, healer god

            Brother of Miach, Airmed, and Etan

Oengus Og mac Dagda, god of youth and poetry, son of Dagda and Boann

            Husband of Caer ni Ethal

            Foster father of Diarmuid Ua Duibhne

Ogma mac Elatan (and Boann), inventor of the Ogham, god of writing and poetry

            Husband of Etain ni Diancecht

            Father of Tuireann Delbaeth

Olloman

            Father of Aoi

Ruad, a maiden goddess

            Connected to Abcan

Ruadan mac Bres (and Brigid)

            Attempted assassin of Goibhniu

Scatach ni Ard Greimme, battle goddess

            Sister of Aoife

            Mother of Uathach

Shoney, god of the North Sea

Sionainn, goddess of the River Shannon, queen of the well spirits

            Granddaughter of Lir

Tailtu, queen of the Fir Bolg

            Foster-mother of Lugh

Tether Mac Cecht, joint 8th High King

            Husband of Fodhla

Tuireann Delbaeth (“Delbha na Aodh”, “producer of fire”) mac Ogma*, aka Tuirill Bicreo (in human guise), 6^th High King; god of thunder

            Son of Ogma and Etain ni Diancecht

            Husband of Ernmas

            Father by Ernmas of Anann, Macha, Badb, Nemain, Fiacha, Indui, and Ollum

            Father by Flidais Foltchain of Danand

            Father by his daughter Anann (or Morrigan) of Brian, Iuchar, and Iucharba (gods of war & fertility)

            Father by Brigid ni Dagda (and Anann) of Creidne, Luchtaine, and Giobhniu

            Father by Eriu ni Fiacha of Bres

Before the rise of the O’Briens made it more convenient for them to claim Dalcassian roots, the Delbhna tribe of Central Ireland (later four clans in Connacht, three in Midhe, one in Laighin), claimed descent from Delbaeth mac Ogma.

*As Delbaeth, the myths and legends name him son of Ogma; as Tuireann, they name him son of Oengus.  From compiling all the stories together, it is clear the two are the same person.

Uathach ni Scathach, a battle goddess

            Lover of Cuchulain

Uillin ua Nuada

            Brother-in-law to Fionn Mac Cumhaill

He drowned Manannan Mac Lir in the lake which bears the name of the victim, Loch Orbsen (now Loch Corrib; one of Manannan’s namse in human form was Orbsen Mac Alloid) and gave his own name to the adjacent plain west of the lake as Magh Uillin, or Moycullen

Uonaidh, wife of Finvarra and queen of the Daoine Sidhe of Connacht

* * * * *

Abodes of the Tuatha De Danaan:

Tir-nan-Og

Emain Ablach

Mag Mell

Sidhe

Tír na mBeo

Uí Breasail

Tir Tairngire 

Four Treasures of the Tuatha De Danaan:

1.      Lia Fail (Stone of Destiny)

2.      Sleg (Spear of) Lugh

3.      Cliamh (Sword of) Nuada

4.      Coire (Cauldron of) Dagda

High Kings of the Tuatha De Danaan:

1.      Nuada Airgeatlamh

2.      Bres

3.      Nuada Airgeatlam

4.      Lugh Lamfada

5.      Dagda, aka Eochaidh Ollathair

6.      Delbaeth mac Ogma, aka Tuireann

7.      Fiacha mac Delbath

8.      Cether Mac Greinne, Ethur Mac Cuill, Tether Mac Cecht

9.      Bodb Dearg mac Dagda

10.  Manannan mac Lir

11.  Finvarra, high king of the Daoine Sidhe from Cnoc Medha near Tuam

Goddesses of War and Battle
1. Anann, the Mor Righean
2. Macha
3. Nemain
4. Badb
5. Fea

Trinities of the Tuatha De Danaan

Macha-Nemain-Badb

Brigid-Brigid-Brigid (Maiden-Mother-Crone)

Creidne-Luchtaine-Giobhniu

Ethur Mac Cuill-Tether Mac Cecht-Cether Mac Greinne

Eriu-Banba-Fodhla

Brian-Iuchar-Iucharba